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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of pro-urokinase in neuronal apoptosis and revascularization after ACI
(Neural Regeneration Research) Among the drugs used for acute ischemic stroke, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is widely accepted internationally. In China, urokinase has been widely used for thrombolysis after acute ischemic stroke. Pro-urokinase is the precursor of urokinase.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - May 12, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Milrinone ameliorates cardiac mechanical dysfunction after hypothermia in an intact rat model.
CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone ameliorated cardiac dysfunction during rewarming from 15°C. The present results suggest that at low core temperatures and during rewarming from such temperatures, pharmacologic efforts to support cardiovascular function is better achieved by substances preventing cyclic AMP breakdown rather than increasing its formation via β-receptor stimulation. PMID: 25224046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cryobiology - September 12, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Dietrichs ES, Kondratiev T, Tveita T Tags: Cryobiology Source Type: research

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: A double edged sword in ischemia/reperfusion vs preconditioning
Publication date: 2014 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 2 Author(s): Theodore Kalogeris , Yimin Bao , Ronald J. Korthuis Reductions in the blood supply produce considerable injury if the duration of ischemia is prolonged. Paradoxically, restoration of perfusion to ischemic organs can exacerbate tissue damage and extend the size of an evolving infarct. Being highly metabolic organs, the heart and brain are particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). While the pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to I/R-induced tissue injury and infarction are multifactorial, the relative importance of eac...
Source: Redox Biology - October 12, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Synthesis and evaluation of 3‐(furo2,3‐bpyridin‐3‐yl)‐4‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐ maleimides as novel GSK‐3β inhibitors and anti‐ischemic agents
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. A series of novel 3‐(furo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)‐4‐(1H‐ indol‐3‐ yl)‐maleimides were prepared and identified as potent GSK‐3β inhibitors and anti‐ischemic agents. In the in vivo cerebral ischemia animal model, compound 5o reduced infarct size by 10% and improved the neurological deficit following focal cerebral ischemia.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - February 25, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Qing Ye, Qiu Li, Yubo Zhou, Lei Xu, Weili Mao, Yuanxue Gao, Chenhui Li, Yuan Xu, Yazhou Xu, Hong Liao, Luyong Zhang, Jianrong Gao, Jia Li, Tao Pang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Effect of Cerebral Ischemia on Redox Status of Plasma Aminothiols
We measured the content of reduced aminothiols (cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione) after mechanical occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. During acute period of ischemia (3 h), these parameters decreased by ~10 times. In 7 days, the content of reduced aminothiols in some animals remained low, but in the others surpassed the initial levels. These results indicate significant impairment of the redox status of the circulating aminothiol pool apparently caused by oxidative stress of the peripheral vascular endothelial occurring as a response to cerebral ischemia. Thus, the total amount of homocysteine is consi...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - February 27, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sitagliptin attenuates transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats: Implication of the oxidative–inflammatory–apoptotic pathway
Publication date: 1 April 2015 Source:Life Sciences, Volume 126 Author(s): Ayman E. El-Sahar , Marwa M. Safar , Hala F. Zaki , Amina S. Attia , Afaf A. Ain-Shoka Aims Ischemic stroke is a major macrovascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, was recently shown to improve cognitive functions in diabetic rats; hence the present study was conducted to evaluate its protective effect against transient ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic animals. Main methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40mg/kg). Six weeks later, cerebral I/R was induced by bicommon carotid o...
Source: Life Sciences - March 11, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Autophagy Mediates Astrocyte Death During Zinc-Potentiated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
Abstract Pathological release of excess zinc ions and the resultant increase in intracellular zinc has been implicated in ischemic brain cell death, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Since zinc promotes the formation of the autophagic signal, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increases autophagy, a known mechanism of cell death, we hypothesized that autophagy is involved in zinc-induced hypoxic cell death. To study this hypothesis, we determined the effect of zinc on autophagy and ROS generation in C8-D1A astrocytes subjected to hypoxia and rexoygenation (H/R), simulating ischemic strok...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - March 12, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Pan R, Timmins GS, Liu W, Liu KJ Tags: Biol Trace Elem Res Source Type: research

Synthesis and Evaluation of 3‐(furo2,3‐bpyridin‐3‐yl)‐4‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐maleimides as Novel GSK‐3β Inhibitors and Anti‐Ischemic Agents
A series of novel 3‐(furo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)‐4‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐maleimides were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for their GSK‐3β inhibitory activities. Most compounds showed favorable inhibitory activities against GSK‐3β protein. Among them, compounds 5n, 5o, and 5p significantly reduced GSK‐3β substrate tau phosphorylation at Ser396 in primary neurons, indicating inhibition of cellular GSK‐3β activity. In the in vitro neuronal injury models, compounds 5n, 5o, and 5p prevented neuronal death against glutamate, oxygen–glucose deprivation, and nutrient serum deprivation wh...
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - March 16, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Qing Ye, Qiu Li, Yubo Zhou, Lei Xu, Weili Mao, Yuanxue Gao, Chenhui Li, Yuan Xu, Yazhou Xu, Hong Liao, Luyong Zhang, Jianrong Gao, Jia Li, Tao Pang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Whether Metal Element-Containing Herbal Formula Angong Niuhuang Pill Is Safe for Acute Brain Disorders?
Abstract "Angong Niuhuang Pill" (AGNH Pill) has been used as patented herbal formula for treatment of acute brain disorders including ischemic stroke, hemorrhage stroke, and trauma brain injury in traditional Chinese medicine for a thousand years. It is widely used in treatment of many diseases. As AGNH Pill contains metal elements named realgar and cinnabar, whether AGNH Pill is safe attracts great concerns. To address this question, we reviewed adverse drug reactions (ADR) and adverse events (AE) to assess the safety of AGNH Pill clinically. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, TOXNET, and Chinese datab...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - April 2, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Zhao L, Peng F, Guan B, Li X, Wu W, Chen J, Shen J Tags: Biol Trace Elem Res Source Type: research

Gait switches in deep-diving beaked whales: biomechanical strategies for long-duration dives RESEARCH ARTICLE
Lucia Martina Martin Lopez, Patrick J. O. Miller, Natacha Aguilar de Soto, and Mark Johnson Diving animals modulate their swimming gaits to promote locomotor efficiency and so enable longer, more productive dives. Beaked whales perform extremely long and deep foraging dives that probably exceed aerobic capacities for some species. Here, we use biomechanical data from suction-cup tags attached to three species of beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris, N=10; Ziphius cavirostris, N=9; and Hyperoodon ampullatus, N=2) to characterize their swimming gaits. In addition to continuous stroking and stroke-and-glide gaits described ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - May 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Martin Lopez, L. M., Miller, P. J. O., Aguilar de Soto, N., Johnson, M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

XROMM analysis of tooth occlusion and temporomandibular joint kinematics during feeding in juvenile miniature pigs RESEARCH ARTICLE
Rachel A. Menegaz, David B. Baier, Keith A. Metzger, Susan W. Herring, and Elizabeth L. BrainerdLike humans, domestic pigs are omnivorous and thus are a common model for human masticatory function. Prior attempts to characterize food-tooth interactions and jaw movements associated with mastication have been limited to aspects of the oral apparatus that are visible externally (with videography) and/or to 2D movements of oral structures (with monoplanar videofluoroscopy). We used XROMM, a 3D technique that combines CT-based morphology with biplanar videofluoroscopy, to quantify mandibular kinematics, tooth occlusion, and man...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - June 18, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Menegaz, R. A., Baier, D. B., Metzger, K. A., Herring, S. W., Brainerd, E. L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Role of 5-HT 2B Serotonin Receptor Agonist in the Regulation of Pumping Function of the Heart
The effect of α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate, an agonist of 5-HT2B serotonin receptors, on the pumping function of the heart was examined in rats with forced motor behavior. At rest, swim-trained rats demonstrated lower HR and greater stroke volume and cardiac output than untrained rats. The agonist decreased HR, stroke volume, and cardiac output in 21- and 70-day-old swim-trained rats, but not in 100- and 200-day-old rats
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 24, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

XROMM analysis of tooth occlusion and temporomandibular joint kinematics during feeding in juvenile miniature pigs RESEARCH ARTICLE
Rachel A. Menegaz, David B. Baier, Keith A. Metzger, Susan W. Herring, and Elizabeth L. Brainerd Like humans, domestic pigs are omnivorous and thus are a common model for human masticatory function. Prior attempts to characterize food–tooth interactions and jaw movements associated with mastication have been limited to aspects of the oral apparatus that are visible externally (with videography) and/or to 2D movements of oral structures (with monoplanar videofluoroscopy). We used XROMM, a 3D technique that combines CT-based morphology with biplanar videofluoroscopy, to quantify mandibular kinematics, tooth occlusion a...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - August 19, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Menegaz, R. A., Baier, D. B., Metzger, K. A., Herring, S. W., Brainerd, E. L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Computer Simulations Imply Forelimb-Dominated Underwater Flight in Plesiosaurs
by Shiqiu Liu, Adam S. Smith, Yuting Gu, Jie Tan, C. Karen Liu, Greg Turk Plesiosaurians are an extinct group of highly derived Mesozoic marine reptiles with a global distribution that spans 135 million years from the Early Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. During their long evolutionary history they maintained a unique body plan with two pairs of large wing-like flippers, but their locomotion has been a topic of debate for almost 200 years. Key areas of controversy have concerned the most efficient biologically possible limb stroke, e.g. whether it consisted of rowing, underwater flight, or modified underwater flight, and...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - December 18, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Shiqiu Liu et al. Source Type: research

Activation of classical estrogen receptor subtypes reduces tight junction disruption of brain endothelial cells under ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Abstract Ischemic stroke, which induces oxidative stress in the brain, disrupts tight junctions (TJs) between brain endothelial cells, resulting in blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and brain edema. Estrogen reduces oxidative stress and protects brain endothelial cells from ischemic insult. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of estrogen on TJ disruption and to examine the roles of classical estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα- and ERβ, in estrogen effects in brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. Estrogen pretreatment preve...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Shin JA, Yoon JC, Kim MS, Park EM Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research