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Traumatic Brain Injuries, Stem Cells and Children: A Conversation With Dr. Charles Cox
One of the world's leading experts on cellular therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI), Dr. Cox directs the Pediatric Surgical Translational Laboratories and Pediatric Program in Regenerative Medicine at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, as well as the Pediatric Trauma Program at the University of Texas-Houston/Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital in the Texas Medical Center. He is the author of over 120 scientific publications and 20 book chapters and has served on scientific study sections/review groups for the NIH, American Heart Association, Veterans Affairs MERIT Awards, Department of Defense and C...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - February 13, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Paramedics may be best first line of defense in treating stroke patients
This study involved an unprecedented cooperative effort of paramedics in the field and emergency physicians serving as investigators,” said Dr. Sidney Starkman, co-principal investigator and co-director of the UCLA Stroke Center. “Through this study we were able to instill permanently in everyone’s mind the idea that ‘time is brain.’ We believe this represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of stroke and potentially numerous other neurological conditions,” said Starkman, who also is professor of emergency medicine and neurology at the Geffen School. “We demonstrated that paramedics not only are eager to pr...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - February 5, 2015 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Predicting Stroke Outcome Using Clinical- versus Imaging-based Scoring System
Several models to predict outcome in ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous (i.v.) alteplase can be divided into clinical-based and imaging-based systems. Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (CT) Score (ASPECTS) and Dense cerebral artery sign/early infarct signs on admission CT scan, prestroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, Age, Glucose level at baseline, Onset-to-treatment time, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (DRAGON) are typical imaging- and clinical-based scoring systems, respectively.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Joon Hyun Baek, Kitae Kim, Yeong-Bae Lee, Kee-Hyung Park, Hyeon-Mi Park, Dong-Jin Shin, Young Hee Sung, Dong Hoon Shin, Oh Young Bang Source Type: research

Saving the ischemic penumbra: Endovascular thrombolysis versus medical treatment
We present the first study to our knowledge comparing the ischemic penumbra saved with endovascular versus medical therapy. A retrospective review of 21 patients undergoing endovascular intervention for stroke from 2010 to 2011 was contrasted with 21 consecutive patients treated with antiplatelet agents alone. Immediate computed tomography perfusion (CTP) scan of the head and neck was obtained in all patients. Patients with lacunar and posterior circulation infarcts, and those who were medically unstable for MRI post-operatively were excluded. CTP and MRI underwent volumetric calculation. CTP penumbra was correlated with d...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - November 29, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Prolyl Carboxypeptidase Activity Decline Correlates with Severity and Short-Term Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP) is an enzyme associated with cerebrovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperlipidemia. We aim to evaluate the relation between serum PRCP activity and severity, evolution and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. We used a specific RP-HPLC activity assay to measure PRCP activity in serum of 50 stroke patients at admission, and at 24 h, 72 h and 7 days after stroke onset to assess correlations with stroke severity based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke scale score (NIHSS), infarct volume on brain MRI scan, stroke outcome based...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kehoe K, Brouns R, Verkerk R, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Hendriks D, De Meester I Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Mechanisms, predictors and clinical impact of early neurological deterioration: the protocol of the Trondheim early neurological deterioration study
DiscussionStrengths and weaknesses of our approach, along with reasons for the methods chosen in this study are discussed.
Source: BMC Neurology - October 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Bernt HellebergHanne EllekjærGitta RohwederBent Indredavik Source Type: research

Automated versus manual hippocampal segmentation in preoperative and postoperative patients with epilepsy
Summary ObjectiveTo compare manual and automated preoperative and postoperative hippocampal volume measurements in patients with intractable epilepsy. MethodsWe studied 34 patients referred to the Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) for evaluation of intractable epilepsy and 21 normal volunteers who received 1.5 or 3 T GE Signa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Hippocampal volumes were traced manually on each slice and assembled into three‐dimensional volumes by investigators who were blinded to other data. Automated volumet...
Source: Epilepsia - June 25, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sierra C. Germeyan, David Kalikhman, Lucy Jones, William H. Theodore Tags: Full‐Length Original Research Source Type: research

Vessel perforation during withdrawal of Trevo ProVue stent retriever during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.
Abstract The authors report a case of an intracranial extravasation during the withdrawal of a Trevo ProVue stent retriever device in a patient being treated for acute ischemic stroke. An 82-year-old woman developed sudden left hemiparesis and aphasia during an urgent cardiac catheterization procedure for a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. She had a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of at least 10 and no improvement with intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Cerebral angiography was performed with conscious sedation, confirming an occlusion of the ...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - June 13, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Leishangthem L, Satti SR Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: research

Treating Neglect by Body Movements: A Case Report and Follow-Up Study (P3.043)
DISCUSSION: Our initial neglect patient named left-sided objects better when cued to move midline structures to the left. If midline structures are represented more bilaterally in the brain, they may be less affected by body-centered "aiming" bias. Future research would examine whether cueing with the nose/tongue is selectively helpful for patients with more severe neglect or with "aiming" bias and limb akinesia.STUDY SUPPORTED BY: National Institutes of Health and Kessler Foundation.Disclosure: Dr. Chaudhari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pigott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barrett has rece...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Chaudhari, A., Pigott, K., Chen, P., Barrett, A. Tags: Neural Repair and Neuro-rehabilitation: Clinical Source Type: research

Quick magnesium treatment fails to improve stroke outcomes, but study has silver lining
In the first study of its kind, a consortium led by UCLA physicians found that giving stroke patients intravenous magnesium within an hour of the onset of symptoms does not improve stroke outcomes.   However, the 8-year trial did find that with the help of paramedics in the field, intravenous medications can frequently be administered to stroke victims within that so-called "golden hour," during which they have the best chance to survive and avoid debilitating, long-term neurological damage.   The latter finding is a "game-changer," said Dr. Jeffrey Saver, director of the UCLA Stroke Center and a professor of ...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - February 13, 2014 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

The Determinants of Dementia After Stroke (DEDEMAS) Study: protocol and pilot data
This study will provide insights into the mechanisms of poststroke dementia and hold the potential to identify novel diagnostic markers and targets for preventive therapies. The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01334749) and will be extended as a multicenter study starting 2013.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - July 9, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Frank A. Wollenweber, Vera Zietemann, Axel Rominger, Christian Opherk, Anna Bayer‐Karpinska, Andreas Gschwendtner, Lisa Coloma Andrews, Katharina Bürger, Marco Duering, Martin Dichgans Tags: Protocols Source Type: research

Is neural activation within the rescued penumbra impeded by selective neuronal loss?
After stroke, penumbral salvage determines clinical recovery. However, the rescued penumbra may be affected by selective neuronal loss, as documented both histopathologically in animals and using the validated in vivo positron emission tomography marker 11C-flumazenil in humans. However, whether the non-infarcted penumbra is capable of neuronal activation, and how selective neuronal loss may interfere, is unknown. Here we prospectively mapped the topographical relationships between functional magnetic resonance imaging responses and non-infarcted penumbra, and tested the hypothesis that the former do take place in the latt...
Source: Brain - June 5, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Carrera, E., Jones, P. S., Morris, R. S., Alawneh, J., Hong, Y. T., Aigbirhio, F. I., Fryer, T. D., Carpenter, T. A., Warburton, E. A., Baron, J.-C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Carotid Artery Free-Floating Thrombus Caused by Paradoxical Embolization From Greater Saphenous Vein Ascending Thrombophlebitis
We report a case of a young woman without cardiovascular risk factors who was admitted to our emergency department with listlessness and altered mental status. The clinical examination revealed right lower limb swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans revealed a free floating thrombus of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) with a large bilateral frontal ischemic lesion. The diagnosis of a medium-sized PFO with moderate right-to-left contrast shunting was made after transesophageal echocardiography. No other cardiac sources for embolization were detected, while an ascending th...
Source: Annals of Vascular Surgery - April 28, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Luigi Irace, Roberto Gabrielli, Maria Sofia Rosati, Maria Fabrizia Giannoni, Anna Castiglione, Antonella Laurito, Bruno Gossetti Tags: Case Report Abstracts Source Type: research

UCLA brain-imaging tool and stroke risk test help identify cognitive decline early
UCLA researchers have used a brain-imaging tool and stroke risk assessment to identify signs of cognitive decline early on in individuals who don't yet show symptoms of dementia.   The connection between stroke risk and cognitive decline has been well established by previous research. Individuals with higher stroke risk, as measured by factors like high blood pressure, have traditionally performed worse on tests of memory, attention and abstract reasoning.   The current small study demonstrated that not only stroke risk, but also the burden of plaques and tangles, as measured by a UCLA brain scan, may influence c...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - April 3, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

UCLA-led study finds devices no better than meds in recovery from clot-caused strokes
When someone has a stroke, time equals brain. The longer a stroke is left untreated, the more brain tissue is lost. Since the only proven treatment — a clot-busting drug — works in less than half of patients, stroke physicians had high hopes for a mechanical device that could travel through the blocked blood vessel to retrieve or break up the clot, restoring blood flow to the brain.   But in a recently completed multi-site trial in which UCLA served as the clinical coordinating center, researchers found there was no overall recovery benefit to patients treated with clot-removal (embolectomy) devices, compa...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - March 13, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

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