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Specialty: Physiology
Condition: Pregnancy

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Total 26 results found since Jan 2013.

The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, End-Stage Renal Disease, and Stroke in Post-Partum Women and their Fetuses after a Hypertensive Pregnancy.
Abstract Women with hypertensive pregnancy complications are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic diseases, stroke, and end-stage renal disease later in life. Pregnancy complications not only effect the mother's long-term health, but also the health of the fetus immediately after delivery and into adulthood. The health of the fetus until adulthood can be influenced by developmental programming, in which the fetus is exposed to insults that will ultimately affect the growth of the offspring and increase the offspring's risk of developing hypertension, coronary heart disease, metabol...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - June 13, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Cunningham MW, LaMarca BD Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Conclusion: Periodontal disease is significantly and positively correlated with increased risk of hypertension in Chinese population, and exact mechanisms of this association should be explored in future. Introduction Periodontal disease is a complex polymicrobial inflammation, including gingivitis and periodontitis. According to the 2015 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the prevalence of severe chronic periodontitis in 2015 has reached 616 million (Kassebaum et al., 2017). In China, the periodontal disease standardized DALYs rate has risen from 24.7 in 1990 to 25.7 in 2013 according to the data from 2013 GBD ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sickle Cell Disease Subjects Have a Distinct Abnormal Autonomic Phenotype Characterized by Peripheral Vasoconstriction With Blunted Cardiac Response to Head-Up Tilt
Conclusion We have shown that SCD subjects are much more likely than non-SCD subjects to have impaired cardiac, but intact peripheral responses to orthostatic stress induced by HUT. These abnormal responses are associated with low baseline cardiac parasympathetic activity, independent of hemoglobin level. The classification of autonomic phenotypes based on HUT response may have potential use for predicting disease severity, guiding and targeting treatments/interventions to alleviate the risk of adverse outcomes in SCD. Ethics Statement All experiments were conducted at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA). The ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 10, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Deficiency in CD4 T Cells Leads to Enhanced Postpartum Internal Carotid Artery Vasoconstriction in Mice: The Role of Nitric Oxide
The risk of postpartum (PP) stroke is increased in complicated pregnancies. Deficiency in CD4 T cell subsets is associated with preeclampsia and may contribute to PP vascular disease, including internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and stroke. We hypothesized that CD4 T cell deficiency in pregnancy would result in ICA dysregulation, including enhanced ICA vasoconstriction. We characterized the function, mechanical behavior, and structure of ICAs from C57BL/6 (WT) and CD4 deficient (CD4KO) mice, and assessed the role of NO in the control of ICA function at pre-conception and PP. WT and CD4KO mice were housed under pathogen...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 16, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Magnesium sulphate and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adaptations to asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 26077461 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - June 16, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Galinsky R, Davidson JO, Drury PP, Wassink G, Lear CA, van den Heuij LG, Gunn AJ, Bennet L Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

The lncRNA MALAT1 rs619586 G Variant Confers Decreased Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage
In conclusion, our study suggests that the rs619586 G variant may have potential protective effects conferring a decreased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the southern Chinese population. Introduction Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation (Jaslow et al., 2010; Diejomaoh, 2015). The occurrence of recurrent miscarriage is associated with many factors, including genetic factors, immunological dysfunction, endocrine disorders, unhealthy lifestyles and defects of the reproductive organs (Saravelos and Regan, 2014; Sen et al., 2014; Garrido-Gimen...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Feasibility of ventricular volumetry by cardiovascular MRI to assess cardiac function in the fetal sheep.
This study provides evidence to support the reliability of VV in the sheep fetus, providing evidence for its use in animal models of human diseases affecting the fetal circulation. ABSTRACT: The application of ventricular volumetry (VV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in the fetus remains challenging due to the small size of the fetal heart and high heart rate. The reliability of this technique in utero has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of VV in a fetal sheep model of human pregnancy. Right and left ventricular outputs by stroke volume ...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - May 6, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Cho SKS, Darby JRT, Saini BS, Lock MC, Holman SL, Lim JM, Perumal SR, Macgowan CK, Morrison JL, Seed M Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Preeclampsia history and postpartum risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment: Potential mechanisms
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, superimposed preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension are major causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy disorders have increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairments later in life. Moreover, women with a history of preeclampsia have increased risk of mortality from diseases including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular disease. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are currently not fully known. Here, we present clinical, epidemiological, and preclinical studies focuse...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 31, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Heart rate changes mediate the embryotoxic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs in the chick embryo.
Abstract A significant increase in cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy occurred in recent years. Only limited evidence on safety profiles is available and little is known about the mechanisms of adverse effect on the fetus. We hypothesized that drug-induced bradycardia is the leading mechanism of developmental toxicity. Embryotoxicity was tested in ovo after administration of various doses of metoprolol, carvedilol, or ivabradine. Embryonic day (ED) 4 and 8 chick embryos were studied by video microscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy ex ovo after intraamniotic injection of the drug for a period of 30 minu...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 11, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Kockova R, Svatunkova J, Novotny J, Hejnova L, Ostadal B, Sedmera D Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Changes in heart rate variability and QT variability during the first trimester of pregnancy
The risk of new-onset arrhythmia during pregnancy is high, presumably relating to changes in both haemodynamic and cardiac autonomic function. The ability to non-invasively assess an individual’s risk of developing arrhythmia during pregnancy would therefore be clinically significant. We aimed to quantify electrocardiographic temporal characteristics during the first trimester of pregnancy and to compare these with non-pregnant controls. Ninety-nine pregnant women and sixty-three non-pregnant women underwent non-invasive cardiovascular and haemodynamic assessment during a protocol consisting of various physiologica...
Source: Physiological Measurement - February 18, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: R E Carpenter, L A D’Silva, S J Emery, O Uzun, D Rassi and M J Lewis Source Type: research

Prenatal hypoxia impairs cardiac mitochondrial and ventricular function in guinea pig offspring in a sex-related manner.
CONCLUSION: Prenatal HPX is a programming stimulus that increases MAP and decreases cardiac and mitochondrial function in male offspring. Sex-related differences in the contractile and mitochondrial responses suggest female GPs are protected against cardiovascular programming of prenatal HPX. PMID: 30365351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 26, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Thompson LP, Chen L, Polster BM, Pinkas G, Song H Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

The physiological effect of early pregnancy on a woman ’s response to a submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test
In conclusion, we observed a slower hemodynamic recovery and an increased ventilatory response to exercise in early pregnancy.
Source: Physiological Reports - November 15, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Rianne C. Bijl, J érôme M. J. Cornette, Kim Ham, Merle L. Zwart, Dinis Dos Reis Miranda, Régine P. M. Steegers‐Theunissen, Arie Franx, Jeroen Molinger, M. P. H. (Wendy) Koster Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation in late gestation does not mitigate asymmetric IUGR or cardiovascular risk induced by placental ischemia in the rat
This study tested the hypothesis that stimulation of sGC until birth attenuates asymmetric IUGR mitigating increased cardiovascular risk in offspring. Sham or RUPP surgery was performed at gestational day 14 (G14); vehicle or sGC stimulator, Riociguat (10mg/kg/day, s.c.) were administered G14 until birth. Birth weight was reduced in offspring from RUPP (intrauterine growth restricted or IUGR), sGC RUPP (sGC IUGR), and sGC Sham (sGC Control) compared to Sham (Control). Crown circumference was maintained but abdominal circumference was reduced in IUGR and sGC IUGR compared to Control indicative of asymmetrical growth. Gestat...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - March 19, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Laura E Coats Bhavisha A Bakrania Daniel R Bamrick-Fernandez Allison M Ariatti Adam Z Rawls Norma B Ojeda Barbara T Alexander Source Type: research