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Total 184 results found since Jan 2013.

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Authors: Antel J, Albayrak O, Heusch G, Banaschewski T, Hebebrand J Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 26, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Source Type: research

The spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm) shows attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors but without impulsive behavior: Therapeutic implications of low-dose methylphenidate.
In this study, ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm were evaluated compared to Wistar rats. SHR/Izm showed high locomotor activity in the habituation phase in a novel environment, although locomotor activity in the initial exploratory phase was low. In a behavioral test for attention, spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test was impaired in SHR/Izm. However, impulsive behavior in the elevated-plus maze test, which is designed to detect anxiety-related behavior but also reflects impulsivity for novelty seeking, was comparable to Wistar rats. Hyperactivity and inattention, detected as ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm, wer...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kishikawa Y, Kawahara Y, Yamada M, Kaneko F, Kawahara H, Nishi A Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Intravenous methylphenidate: an unusual way to provoke ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Acute ST-T elevation is a sign of myocardial ischemia or infarction usually due to coronary artery atherosclerosis or coronary spasm. Coronary spasm may be spontaneous or can occur as a result of a drug that causes arterial spam. Ritalin, Novartis Pharmaceut. Corporation, USA (methylphenidate hydrochloride), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, is an oral drug used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Sudden deaths, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking stimulant drugs at usual dose for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [1].
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - August 7, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Emile Hay, Vitaly Shklovski, Yossef Blaer, Vladimir Shlakhover, Amos Katz Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

How Long You Sleep May Be In Your Genes
This study is one of the first to begin identifying these genetic differences, and will hopefully help us better understand the causes of sleep disorders and their relation to other important conditions, such as diabetes and psychiatric disorders." [5 Things You Must Know About Sleep] Previous research has linked both sleeping too much and sleeping too little with health problems such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, psychiatric illness and even premature mortality, according to the study. For example, in a 2013 study published in the journal PLOS ONE, researchers found that the risk of type 2 diabetes wa...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - December 6, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news

Resting-state sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power predicts the ability to up-regulate SMR in an EEG-instrumental conditioning paradigm
During instrumental conditioning of EEG activity (EEG-IC), participants receive feedback of a specific aspect of their brain signals (Lubar et al., 1995), e.g. feedback on the power of a certain frequency band. Desired patterns of EEG activity are rewarded by visual or auditory stimuli, thus enabling participants to modulate their brain activity by means of instrumental conditioning. EEG-IC training has been used to treat patients with disorders such as epilepsy (Sterman and Egner, 2006), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Arns et al., 2009) and stroke (Doppelmayr et al., 2007), as well as in healthy participants (H...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Johanna Louise Reichert, Silvia Erika Kober, Christa Neuper, Guilherme Wood Source Type: research

The Neuroprotective Potential of Low-Dose Methamphetamine in Preclinical Models of Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury
Publication date: Available online 25 February 2015 Source:Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry Author(s): Thomas Rau , John Ziemniak , David Poulsen Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant that was initially synthesized in 1920. Since then it has been used to treat attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), obesity and narcolepsy. However, methamphetamine has also become a major drug of abuse worldwide. Under conditions of abuse, which involve the administration of high repetitive doses, methamphetamine can produce considerable neurotoxic effects. However, recent evidence from our laboratory i...
Source: Progress in Neuro Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry - February 25, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean duration of 2.1 years of follow-up in children and adolescent...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - March 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

No such thing as baby brain, study argues
Conclusion The researchers conclude that although the pregnant women reported memory problems, these did not show up on their tests. However, this does not take into account their pre-pregnancy ability. The women may have performed better before they got pregnant, which is why they are now reporting memory problems. None of these women were tested before they got pregnant, which is the major limitation of the study. The researchers say that because there were a similar number of students in each group, the women in the control group was a good enough representation of how the pregnant women would have performed pre-pregna...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 8, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Mental health Neurology Pregnancy/child Source Type: news

Brief Report: Forecasting the Economic Burden of Autism in 2015 and 2025 in the United States.
Abstract Few US estimates of the economic burden of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are available and none provide estimates for 2015 and 2025. We forecast annual direct medical, direct non-medical, and productivity costs combined will be $268 billion (range $162-$367 billion; 0.884-2.009 % of GDP) for 2015 and $461 billion (range $276-$1011 billion; 0.982-3.600 % of GDP) for 2025. These 2015 figures are on a par with recent estimates for diabetes and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and exceed the costs of stroke and hypertension. If the prevalence of ASD continues to grow as it has in recent...
Source: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - July 17, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leigh JP, Du J Tags: J Autism Dev Disord Source Type: research

Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation (BUAL): Placental Insufficiency Causing Fetal Growth Restriction and Cerebral Palsy
Placental insufficiency is the leading cause of intrauterine growth restriction in the western world. The fetus, when exposed to a compromised environment, is vulnerable to a number of disorders later in life, as a consequence of the reduction in oxygen and nutrition during gestation and the resulting fetal growth restriction. These conditions include neurological disabilities such as cerebral palsy (CP), intellectual disability, epilepsy, and mental health issues in childhood (Autism and ADHD) and in later life (schizophrenia). Certainly, fetal growth restriction as a result of placental insufficiency has been strongly as...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Neuroscience - September 21, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: news

Invisible Illness or Chronic Illness? What's the Difference?
Why do we say we have an "invisible illness"? Is is because we feel invisible to people? Years ago the term "invisible illness" was rarely used. Before social media the opportunity to talk about your disease was relegated to a local support group and perhaps a caring friend or two. Illness was something you spoke to your doctor about... and that was all. I became an online illness advocate when I built my first website for those with chronic illness in 1996. As the Internet has evolved from news groups to social media, much has changed. But I have seen one continual thread: people are eager to share about their illness exp...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - September 23, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Study in mice shows how brain ignores distractions
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of mice, scientists discovered that a brain region called the thalamus may be critical for filtering out distractions. The study, published in Nature and partially funded by the National Institutes of Health, paves the way to understanding how defects in the thalamus might underlie symptoms seen in patients with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: Level of evidence in mental and brain disorders and suggestions for good clinical practice
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2015 Source:Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology Author(s): J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi, A. McGonigal, R. Lopez, C. Daudet, I. Kotwas, F. Bartolomei The technique of electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG NF) emerged in the 1970s and is a technique that measures a subject's EEG signal, processes it in real time, extracts a parameter of interest and presents this information in visual or auditory form. The goal is to effectuate a behavioural modification by modulating brain activity. The EEG NF opens new therapeutic possibilities in the fields of psychiat...
Source: Neurophysiologie Clinique - November 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research