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A Genetic Variant of miR-34a Contributes to Susceptibility of Ischemic Stroke Among Chinese Population
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81560552, 81260234), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (2017JJA180826), Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (CN) (201601009) and Key Laboratory Open Project Fund of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (kfkt20160064). Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Supplementary Material The Supplementary Material for this article can be fou...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1 1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Early Prophylactic Hypothermia for Patients With Severe Traumatic Injury: Premature to Close the Case
This study demonstrates that there is no role for the initiation of hypothermia during the acute phase of TBI (1, 2). However, it would be damaging to abandon the concept prematurely. Inflammation Also Paves the Way to Tissue Repair As soon as trauma occurs, the inflammatory cascade begins to take place. The deleterious role of inflammation in the secondary injury response is well-documented, hence the rationale to attempt early prophylactic hypothermia in TBI. However, inflammation also initiates tissue repair and regeneration (3–6). We now know that the secondary injury response accompanies the regenerating and...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Why is Clinical fMRI in a Resting State?
Conclusions Despite some perceived impediments to expanding clinical rs-fMRI use, neuroradiologists were generally enthusiastic about rs-fMRI in research and clinical applications, believing that their current workplace MRI systems are suitable for rs-fMRI acquisition. Many of the concerns associated with using rs-fMRI in clinical contexts are related to: (1) developing better methods for minimizing physiological noise effects, (2) improving methods for detecting the spatial characteristics of clinically-relevant brain processing systems in individual patients, and (3) overcoming remaining standardization, training, and r...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Organotypic brain slices: a model to study the neurovascular unit micro-environment in epilepsies
This study demonstrates that NVU regulation can be investigated using OHCs. We observed in this model system an increase in vascularization and a down-regulation of TJ proteins, similar to the vascular changes described in a chronic focus of epileptic patients, and in rodent models of epilepsy or inflammation. We observed that Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein disappeared after seizures associated with neuronal damage. In these conditions, the angiopoeitin-1 system was down-regulated, and the application of r-angiopoeitin-1 allowed TJ re-assembly. This article demonstrates that organotypic culture is a useful model to deci...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - February 7, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Mélanie Morin-BrureauFrédéric De BockMireille Lerner-Natoli Source Type: research

Glutamate quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas using chemical shift imaging
This study aimed to evaluate and validate chemical shift imaging (CSI) for in vivo glutamate (Glu) quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas. If validated, CSI could become an extremely useful tool to investigate metabolic dysfunction of Glu in excitotoxic neuropathologies. Quantitative CSI estimates of Glu concentrations were compared with known concentrations of Glu in aqueous phantom solutions. Forty‐one patients with known or likely supratentorial gliomas underwent preoperative CSI. The spectra obtained were analyzed for Glu concentrations and Glu to creatine (Cr) ratios. These in vivo measurements were ...
Source: NMR in Biomedicine - March 24, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: S. V. Liubinas, K. J. Drummond, P. M. Desmond, A. Bjorksten, A. P. Morokoff, A. H. Kaye, T. J. O'Brien, B. A. Moffat Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Temozolomide in low-grade gliomas: living longer and better
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) account for about a third of gliomas overall and 15% of all primary brain tumours. In adults, the majority of LGGs are WHO Grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, which differ in molecular fingerprints and median survival, but share a propensity to malignant transformation after a number of years. Up to 90% of LGGs present with seizures and epilepsy may be the only symptom for many years, significantly impairing quality of life and impacting on social and professional functioning.1 In about 50% of cases, the epilepsy is refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with a quarter of patients requi...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Rees, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Neurooncology, Stroke, CNS cancer, Radiology, Surgical oncology Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

Seizure reduction in a low-grade glioma: more than a beneficial side effect of temozolomide
Conclusions TMZ may contribute to an important reduction in seizure frequency in patients with LGG. Seizure reduction following TMZ treatment has prognostic significance and may serve as an important clinical outcome measure in patients with LGG.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Koekkoek, J. A. F., Dirven, L., Heimans, J. J., Postma, T. J., Vos, M. J., Reijneveld, J. C., Taphoorn, M. J. B. Tags: Epilepsy and seizures, Neurooncology, Stroke, CNS cancer Neuro-oncology Source Type: research

Translational potential of astrocytes in brain disorders
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2015 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Alexei Verkhratsky, Luca Steardo, Vladimir Parpura, Vedrana Montana Fundamentally, all brain disorders can be broadly defined as the homeostatic failure of this organ. As the brain is composed of many different cells types, including but not limited to neurons and glia, it is only logical that all the cell types/constituents could play a role in health and disease. Yet, for a long time the sole conceptualization of brain pathology was focused on the well-being of neurons. Here, we challenge this neuron-centric view and pre...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - September 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

P08.46 Rechallenge with bevacizumab in a long-term survivor with glioblastoma
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is generally poor with median survival of less than one year in untreated patients and approximately 15 months following standard of care therapy. However, 10 % survival at 5 years was observed in a randomized phase III study. At GBM recurrence, the addition of bevacizumab (BEV), a humanized monoclonal antibody against circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulted in a 3–4 month prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) without improving overall survival (OS...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - September 20, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Koeppen, S., Hense, J. Tags: P08 Glioblastom and Anaplastic gliomas Source Type: research

Therapeutic dormancy to delay postsurgical glioma recurrence: the past, present and promise of focal hypothermia
AbstractSurgery precedes both radiotherapy and chemotherapy as the first-line therapy for glioma. However, despite multimodal treatment, most glioma patients die from local recurrence in the resection margin. Glioma surgery is inherently lesional, and the response of brain tissue to surgery includes hemostasis, angiogenesis, reactive gliosis and inflammation. Unfortunately, these processes are also associated with tumorigenic side-effects. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that the response to a surgery-related brain injury is hijacked by residual glioma cells and participates in the local regeneration of tumor ti...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - May 17, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Dacrystic seizures--a cry for help
A 69-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction presented with crying-like spells. MRI demonstrated abnormal signal in the left mesiotemporal lobe, and he was diagnosed with stroke. Over the following 1 year, he developed progressive cognitive decline, slow gait, masked facies, hypophonic voice, and brief facial and upper extremity spasms (8 per hour) often followed by brief crying spells lacking emotion. Spell semiology was consistent with faciobrachial dystonic seizures1 and dacrystic seizures2 (video at Neurology.org/nn). Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1) autoantibodies, detected in serum, led to a diag...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Gadoth, A., Singh, J., Britton, J. W., Flanagan, E. P., Pittock, S. J. Tags: All Epilepsy/Seizures Clinical/Scientific Notes Source Type: research

Dacrystic seizures: A cry for help
A 69-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction presented with crying-like spells. MRI demonstrated abnormal signal in the left mesiotemporal lobe, and he was diagnosed with stroke. Over the following 1 year, he developed progressive cognitive decline, slow gait, masked facies, hypophonic voice, and brief facial and upper extremity spasms (8 per hour) often followed by brief crying spells lacking emotion. Spell semiology was consistent with faciobrachial dystonic seizures1 and dacrystic seizures2 (video at Neurology.org/nn). Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1) autoantibodies, detected in serum, led to a diag...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Gadoth, A., Singh, J., Britton, J. W., Flanagan, E. P., Pittock, S. J. Tags: All Epilepsy/Seizures Clinical/Scientific Notes Source Type: research

Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin System on Neurological Disorders: Quest for Potential Biomarkers and Mechanisms
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Amaly Nokkari, Hadi Abou-El-Hassan, Yehia Mechref, Stefania Mondello, Mark S. Kindy, Ayad A. Jaffa, Firas Kobeissy Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific neur...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - March 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin system in neurological disorders: Quest for potential biomarkers and mechanisms
Publication date: June–August 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology, Volumes 165–167 Author(s): Amaly Nokkari, Hadi Abou-El-Hassan, Yehia Mechref, Stefania Mondello, Mark S. Kindy, Ayad A. Jaffa, Firas Kobeissy Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - June 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

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