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Ketamine improves neuronal recovery following spreading depolarization in peri ‐infarct tissues
We examined spreading depolarization (SD) waves in a mouse stroke model. SDs were initiated by focal potassium chloride application and propagated through a region of graded perfusion deficit created by distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA) occlusion. Longer lasting depolarizations (DC shifts measured from local field potential (LFP) electrodes) and neuronal Ca2+ transients (epifluorescence GCaMP imaging) occurred at locations with larger perfusion deficits (proximal to occlusion), as compared with remote recording sites (laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) of cerebral perfusion). Ketamine, at concentrations that did not ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - August 19, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katelyn M. Reinhart, Russell A. Morton, K. C. Brennan, Andrew P. Carlson, C. William Shuttleworth Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Unlucky numbers: Fighting murder convictions that rest on shoddy stats
LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS— When a Dutch nurse named Lucia de Berk stood trial for serial murder in 2003, statistician Richard Gill was aware of the case. But he saw no reason to stick his nose into it. De Berk was a pediatric nurse at Juliana Children’s Hospital in The Hague. In 2001, after a baby died while she was on duty, a colleague told superiors that De Berk had been present at a suspiciously high number of deaths and resuscitations. Hospital staff immediately informed the police. When investigators reexamined records from De Berk’s shifts, they found 10 suspicious incidents. Three other hospitals where D...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - January 19, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

8/10 --A Switch to Salt Substitute Could Slash Your Heart Risks
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 10, 2022 -- Swapping salt out for the salt substitute potassium chloride lowers blood pressure, and thereby the risk of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular disease, a new analysis finds. " It ' s in processed and prepared foods...
Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews - August 8, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: news

Salt Substitute Cut Disease and Death Rates in Large Trial
A randomized trial recently reported in the New England Journal of Medicine focused on an important question for older adults with high blood pressure or a previous stroke: Can switching from regular salt to a 75% sodium chloride and 25% potassium chloride substitute help protect against stroke, major cardiovascular events, or death?
Source: JAMA - October 26, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Loop Diuretics Inhibit Ischemia-Induced Intracellular Ca2+ Overload in Neurons via the Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ and Na+ Channels
One consequence of ischemic stroke is disruption of intracellular ionic homeostasis. Intracellular overload of both Na+ and Ca2+ has been linked to neuronal death in this pathophysiological state. The etiology of ionic imbalances resulting from stroke-induced ischemia and acidosis includes the dysregulation of multiple plasma membrane transport proteins, such as increased activity of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter-1 (NKCC-1). Experiments using NKCC1 antagonists, bumetanide (BMN) and ethacrynic acid (EA), were carried out to determine if inhibition of this cotransporter affects Na+ and Ca2+ overload observed follow...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 15, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Salt substitution reduces the rate of cardiovascular events and death
Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 13 September 2021; doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00615-3In the SSaSS trial, substituting regular table salt (100% sodium chloride) with an alternative containing 25% potassium chloride reduced the rate of stroke, major cardiovascular events and all-cause death.
Source: Nature Reviews Cardiology - September 13, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gregory B. Lim Source Type: research

The cost-effectiveness of government actions to reduce sodium intake through salt substitutes in Vietnam
ConclusionThis research shows that all three modelled salt substitution strategies would be good value for money relative to no intervention in Vietnam. The subsidised alternative would require the highest level of government investment; however the implementation costs will be exceeded by healthcare savings assuming a reasonable time horizon is considered.
Source: Archives of Public Health - March 11, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction on the Treatment of Alzheimer ’s Disease
In conclusion, XXMD was found to have the potential to treat AD by targeting multiple AD-related targets and canonical pathways. Fangchinoline and dauricine might be the potential lead compounds in XXMD for the treatment of AD.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - December 4, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Interleukin-18 from neurons and microglia mediates depressive behaviors in mice with post-stroke depression.
In this study, we demonstrate that in IL-18 level in the ischemic brain significantly increased in mice with depression-like behaviors that caused by the combined use of chronic spatial restraint stress and middle cerebral artery occlusion. Interestingly, IL-18 expression was mainly found in neurons at early phase and in microglia in late phase. Injection of exogenous IL-18 in to the amygdala, but not the hippocampus or the striatum, caused severe depression-like behaviors. On the contrary, the blockage of endogenous IL-18 by IL-18 binding protein, a specific antagonist of IL-18, rescued depressive phenotypes in SIR mice. ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - April 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Wu D, Zhang G, Zhao C, Yang Y, Miao Z, Xu X Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Taste perception and diet in people of Chinese ancestry.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a salty-sour confusion among Singaporean Chinese unlike the bitter-sour confusion reported for Caucasians. Most sodium came from sauces and was added during food preparation. In programs to address sodium: potassium ratio excess among Chinese prone to hypertension and stroke, sour as well as salty taste may need to be considered. PMID: 29384339 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition - February 2, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Leong CS, Forde CG, Tey SL, Henry CJ Tags: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr Source Type: research

Benefit and risk assessment of increasing potassium intake by replacement of sodium chloride with potassium chloride in industrial food products in Norway.
In conclusion, the number of Norwegians facing increased risk is far greater than the number likely to benefit from this replacement of sodium with potassium in industrially produced food. PMID: 29175183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - November 22, 2017 Category: Food Science Authors: Steffensen IL, Frølich W, Dahl KH, Iversen PO, Lyche JL, Lillegaard ITL, Alexander J Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research

Erythropoietin attenuates loss of potassium chloride co-transporters following prenatal brain injury
Publication date: July 2014 Source:Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 61 Author(s): L.L. Jantzie , P.M. Getsy , D.J. Firl , C.G. Wilson , R.H. Miller , S. Robinson Therapeutic agents that restore the inhibitory actions of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) by modulating intracellular chloride concentrations will provide novel avenues to treat stroke, chronic pain, epilepsy, autism, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. During development, upregulation of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, and the resultant switch from excitatory to inhibitory responses to GABA guide the formation of essential inhibit...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - November 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research