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Can ‘toxic’ bilirubin treat a variety of illnesses?
Generations of medical and biology students have been instilled with a dim view of bilirubin. Spawned when the body trashes old red blood cells, the molecule is harmful refuse and a sign of illness. High blood levels cause jaundice, which turns the eyes and skin yellow and can signal liver trouble. Newborns can’t process the compound, and although high levels normally subside, a persistent surplus can cause brain damage. Yet later this year up to 40 healthy Australian volunteers may begin receiving infusions of the supposedly good-for-nothing molecule. They will be participating in a phase 1 safety trial, sponsored ...
Source: ScienceNOW - June 8, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

Macrophage-Specific Expression of IL-37 in Hyperlipidemic Mice Attenuates Atherosclerosis.
This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of macrophage-expressed IL-37 in reducing the production and effects of proinflammatory cytokines, preventing foam cell formation, and reducing the development of atherosclerosis. Expression of human IL-37 was achieved with a macrophage-specific overexpression system, using the CD68 promoter in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages via retroviral transduction. Macrophage IL-37 expression in vitro resulted in decreased mRNA (e.g., IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-12) and secreted protein production (e.g., IL-6, M-CSF, and ICAM-1) of key inflammatory mediators. IL-37 expression also...
Source: Journal of Immunology - October 13, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: McCurdy S, Baumer Y, Toulmin E, Lee BH, Boisvert WA Tags: J Immunol Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Related to Early Stage Renal Impairment After Liver Transplantation
Background In the general population, even mild renal disease is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) complications. Whether this is true in liver transplant recipients (LTR) is unknown. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 671 LTR (2002-2012) from a large urban tertiary care center and 37 322 LTR using Vizient hospitalization data linked to the United Network for Organ Sharing. The 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Outcomes were 1-year CV complications (death/hospitalization from myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibr...
Source: Transplantation - June 29, 2018 Category: Transplant Surgery Tags: Original Clinical Science—Liver Source Type: research

6-Bromoindirubin-3 ′-Oxime (6BIO) Suppresses the mTOR Pathway, Promotes Autophagy, and Exerts Anti-aging Effects in Rodent Liver
In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging effect, and molecular mechanism, of the novel anti-aging drug 6BIO on naturally aged mouse liver. Rapamycin, a well-known promising anti-aging drug that delays aging through mTOR-dependent autophagy (Zhou and Ye, 2018), was used as the positive control in the study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of 6BIO treatment in models of natural aging. Our results indicated that 6BIO ameliorates the decline of liver function with age, including lipid metabolism disorder, and attenuates hepatocyte senescence in aged mice, as revealed by altera...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis
Conclusion The impact of sepsis on the gut is manifold, e.g., sepsis mediated alteration of the gut-blood barrier and increase in the intestinal permeability, which may correlate with the phenomena of bacterial translocation and lymphatic activation (“toxic-lymph”). Systemic consequences of sepsis are widespread and concern to the coagulative system, the microbiome as well as enzymes, such as pancreatic proteases, MMPs and IAPs. Nevertheless, the therapeutic approaches for modulating the mucosal immune system are still rarely effective in daily routine. Recent published studies showing that treatment with ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Gut dysbiosis and age-related neurological diseases; an innovative approach for therapeutic interventions.
GUT DYSBIOSIS AND AGE-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES; AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. Transl Res. 2020 Aug 02;: Authors: Holmes A, Finger C, Morales-Scheihing D, Lee J, McCullough LD Abstract The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that acts as a critical regulator in microbial, metabolic, and immune responses in the host organism. Imbalances in the gut microbiota, termed "dysbiosis", often induce aberrant immune responses, which in turn disrupt the local and systemic homeostasis of the host. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of gut...
Source: Translational Research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine - August 1, 2020 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Holmes A, Finger C, Morales-Scheihing D, Lee J, McCullough LD Tags: Transl Res Source Type: research

Akebia saponin D ameliorates metabolic syndrome (MetS) via remodeling gut microbiota and attenuating intestinal barrier injury
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Feb 27;138:111441. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111441. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex, multifactorial disease which lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. However, selective, and potent drugs for the treatment of MetS are still lacking. Previous studies have found that Akebia saponin D (ASD) has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, our study was designed to determine the effect and mechanism of action of ASD against MetS in ...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - March 2, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Song Yang Ting Hu He Liu Ya-Li Lv Wen Zhang Han Li Lingling Xuan Li-Li Gong Li-Hong Liu Source Type: research

The Modified Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation for the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate is Better Associated with Comorbidities than Other Equations in Living Kidney Donors in Japan
Conclusion We found that the eGFR/Jm-CKD-EPI correlated better with comorbidities than the eGFR/Jm-eGFR and eGFR/Jm-MDRD in Japanese LKT donors. We recommend using the eGFR/Jm-CKD-EPI for the initial assessment of the renal function in LKT donor candidates when evaluating the presence of associated comorbidities.PMID:33716291 | DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.6934-20
Source: Internal Medicine - March 15, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Shinichi Nishi Shunske Goto Makiko Mieno Takashi Yagisawa Kenji Yuzawa Source Type: research

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