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Condition: Heart Failure
Nutrition: Calcium

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Total 213 results found since Jan 2013.

New Insights from Major Prospective Cohort Studies with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR)
Abstract Since 1948, epidemiology studies played an important role in understanding cardiovascular disease and afforded an opportunity to learn about newer diagnostic tests. In 2000, the MESA Study incorporated several advanced cardiovascular imaging modalities including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and coronary artery calcium scans. The decade of follow-up enabled prognosis studies, an important step beyond association studies. In brief, left ventricular hypertrophy by cardiac MRI predicted incident heart failure and stroke. In the MESA Study, coronary artery calcium was a better predictor of coronar...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - May 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Drug Therapy of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: Focus on Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
Abstract Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is defined as blood pressure (BP) >140/90 mmHg despite three different antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. aTRH is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke, chronic renal failure, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, aortic aneurysm, atrial fibrillation, and sudden death. Preliminary studies of renal nerve ablation as a therapy to control aTRH were encouraging. However, these results were not confirmed by the Symplicity 3 trial. Therefore, attention has refocused on drug therapy. Secondary forms o...
Source: Drugs - March 19, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effects of blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular risk according to baseline body-mass index: a meta-analysis of randomised trials
Publication date: 7–13 March 2015 Source:The Lancet, Volume 385, Issue 9971 Background The cardiovascular benefits of blood pressure lowering in obese people compared with people of normal weight might depend on choice of drug. We compared the effects of blood pressure-lowering regimens on cardiovascular risk in groups of patients categorised by baseline body-mass index (BMI). Methods We used individual patient data from trials included in the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration to compare the effects of different classes of blood pressure-lowering regimens for the primary outcome of total major c...
Source: The Lancet - March 6, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation: effects beyond the atrium?
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained clinical arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity, mostly secondary to heart failure and stroke, and an estimated two-fold increase in premature death. Efforts to increase our understanding of AF and its complications have focused on unravelling the mechanisms of electrical and structural remodelling of the atrial myocardium. Yet, it is increasingly recognized that AF is more than an atrial disease, being associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and adverse effects on the structure and function of the left ventricular myocardium tha...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - February 23, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wijesurendra, R. S., Casadei, B. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Subclinical Atherosclerosis Measures for Cardiovascular Prediction in CKD
In conclusion, each measure improved cardiovascular risk prediction in subjects with CKD, with the greatest improvement observed with coronary artery calcium score.
Source: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN - January 30, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Matsushita, K., Sang, Y., Ballew, S. H., Shlipak, M., Katz, R., Rosas, S. E., Peralta, C. A., Woodward, M., Kramer, H. J., Jacobs, D. R., Sarnak, M. J., Coresh, J. Tags: Clinical Epidemiology Source Type: research

Racial Differences in Incidence and Clinical Course of Atrial Fibrillation and What Remains to be Investigated
Abstract There are many risk factors identified for atrial fibrillation (AF), some of which differ between blacks and whites. These differences and differences in stroke occurrence and clinical course of AF between blacks and whites are reviewed. Risk factors identified to date include age, white race, male sex, body mass index (BMI) ≥30, height ≥173 cm, weight, increased waist circumference, higher levels of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), increased pulse pressure, diagnosis of hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, HDL <40 mg/dL, triglycerides >200 mg/dL, lower heart rate...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - January 27, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Affinity Proteomics for Phosphatase Interactions in Atrial Fibrillation ∗
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, with an estimated 30 million individuals affected worldwide (1). AF constitutes a major risk factor for stroke and heart failure, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Remodeling of the atria is a consequence as well as a substrate for perpetuation of AF. The remodeling process occurs at various levels, including atrial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte contractibility, and electrical coupling. During electrical remodeling, an unbalanced calcium (Ca2+) transport exposes cardiomyocytes locally to increased Ca2+ levels. Ca2+ overload i...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - January 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

First-line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first-line antihypertensive drug classes for hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: We found predominantly moderate quality evidence that all-cause mortality is similar when first-line RAS inhibitors are compared to other first-line antihypertensive agents. First-line thiazides caused less HF and stroke than first-line RAS inhibitors. The quality of the evidence comparing first-line beta-blockers and first-line RAS inhibitors was low and the lower risk of total CV events and stroke seen with RAS inhibitors may change with the publication of additional trials. Compared with first-line CCBs, first-line RAS inhibitors reduced HF but increased stroke. The magnitude of the reduction in HF exceeded...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 11, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Xue H, Lu Z, Tang WL, Pang LW, Wang GM, Wong GW, Wright JM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. Effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugs – Overview and meta-analyses
Conclusion: BP lowering by all classes of antihypertensive drugs is accompanied by significant reductions of stroke and major cardiovascular events. This supports the concept that reduction of these events is because of BP lowering per se rather than specific drug properties. However, evidence of risk reduction of other events and particularly mortality was obtained so far with some drug classes only. As a result of marked differences in the trial design, total cardiovascular risk, SBP/DBP differences and statistical power, comparisons of meta-analyses of different drug-specific placebo-controlled RCTs appear unwarranted.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - January 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Tags: Reviews and Meta-Analyses Source Type: research

Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the EPIC-Germany case-cohort study
Abstract Increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations have emerged as a novel risk factor for heart failure and stroke but not for myocardial infarction (MI). Yet, most studies on MI were conducted in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and the elderly. Evidence is unclear in subjects without CAD and for stroke subtypes. We investigated the relationships between FGF23 and overall major cardiovascular endpoints, incident MI, ischemic (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (HS) in middle-aged adults without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. We used a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospecti...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - December 20, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Effects of a myofilament calcium sensitizer on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in rats with volume overload heart failure
This study investigated myocyte and myofilament function in ACF and REV and tested the hypothesis that a myofilament Ca2+ sensitizer would improve VO-induced myofilament dysfunction in ACF and REV. Following the initial sham or ACF surgery in male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–240 g) at week 0, REV surgery and experiments were performed at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. In ACF, decreased LV function is accompanied by impaired sarcomeric shortening and force generation and decreased Ca2+ sensitivity, whereas, in REV, impaired LV function is accompanied by decreased Ca2+ sensitivity. Intravenous levosimendan (Levo) elicited t...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - December 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wilson, K., Guggilam, A., West, T. A., Zhang, X., Trask, A. J., Cismowski, M. J., de Tombe, P., Sadayappan, S., Lucchesi, P. A. Tags: MUSCLE MECHANICS AND VENTRICULAR FUNCTION Source Type: research

Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease
Publication date: January–March 2014 Source:Clinical Queries: Nephrology, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Shivendra Singh Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging health problem with prevalence of approximately 10% in general population. The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in CKD patients, approaching &gt;50% in patients in advance CKD. CVD outcomes are worse in presence of CKD suggesting different pathophysiology compared to general population. Patients with CKD are at increased risk of both atherosclerotic and structural heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Congesti...
Source: Clinical Queries: Nephrology - November 1, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Comparative Persistence on β-Blockers Versus Calcium Channel Blockers for Ventricular Rate Control in Nonelderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that nonelderly AF patients, when prescribed rate-control therapy, persist longer on BBs than CCBs. Because this is the first long-term study comparing the 2 drug classes in the nonelderly population, further research is suggested. PMID: 25280975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - October 3, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Desai VC, Kelton CM, Metzger AH, Cavanaugh TM, Guo JJ, Heaton PC Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Elevated Parathyroid Hormone, But Not Vitamin D Deficiency, Is Associated With Increased Risk of Heart Failure in Older Men With and Without Cardiovascular Disease Original Articles
Conclusions— Elevated PTH, but not 25-hydroxyvitamin D or other markers of mineral metabolism, is associated with increased risk of HF in both older men with and without myocardial infarction/stroke. This increased risk was not explained by its association with known risk factors for HF. Further studies are now needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.
Source: Circulation: Heart Failure - September 16, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wannamethee, S. G., Welsh, P., Papacosta, O., Lennon, L., Whincup, P. H., Sattar, N. Tags: Congestive, Epidemiology Original Articles Source Type: research

Calcium Channel Blocker Compared With Angiotensin Receptor Blocker for Patients With Hypertension: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
To explore the clinical effects of a calcium channel blocker compared with an angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypertensive patients, the authors collected data from randomized controlled trials. The pooled outcomes were all‐cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Eight head‐to‐head trials enrolling 25,084 patients were included. There was no significant mortality difference in the two arms (relative risk, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–1.07). However, calcium channel blockers were more effective in reducing stroke (relative risk, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.99) and myo...
Source: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension - July 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ling Wu, Song‐Bai Deng, Qiang She Tags: Review Paper Source Type: research