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Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCKS9): Impact of PCKS9 on Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events.
Authors: Akin M, Skripuletz T, Napp LC, Berliner D, Akin I, Haghikia A, Akin E, Bauersachs J Abstract Statins are the most widely prescribed drugs to reduce serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. LDL-C reduction is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Statins reduce LDL-C by 30 to 40%, and the combination with other lipid-lowering agents such as ezetimibe leads to a further reduction by 20 to 25%. However, even the combination of these...
Source: Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry - July 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Tags: Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem Source Type: research

Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side‐Effect Profiles
ABSTRACT Pharmacotherapy directed toward reducing body weight may provide benefits for both curbing obesity and lowering the risk of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. However, many weight loss medications have been withdrawn from the market due to serious adverse effects. Examples include pulmonary hypertension (aminorex), cardiovascular toxicity, e.g. flenfluramine‐induced valvopathy, stroke (phenylpropanolamine), excess non‐fatal cardiovascular events (sibutramine), and neuro‐psychiatric issues (rimonabant ‐ approved in Europe, but not in the US). This negative experience has helped mold the current drug dev...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrew J. Krentz, Ken Fujioka, Marcus Hompesch Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Morbidity and Pure Red Cell Aplasia Associated With Epoetin Theta Therapy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective, Noninterventional, Multicenter Cohort Study.
Abstract PURPOSE: The European Medicines Agency recommends limiting the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration to 10 to 12 g/dL in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as epoetin theta. This postauthorization study assessed the incidence and intensity of cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke, in patients receiving epoetin theta for anemia associated with CKD. A secondary end point was adverse drug reactions, including pure red cell aplasia. METHODS: In this prospective, noninterventional, multinational cohort study, consecutive patients with advanced or e...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - December 18, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lammerich A, Balcke P, Bias P, Mangold S, Wiesholzer M Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Severe ischemic stroke: Too severe for thrombolysis?
Twenty years after the introduction of IV thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), only a small proportion of stroke patients are treated with rtPA.1 The strict inclusion and exclusion criteria in the stroke guidelines, based on criteria used in the rtPA trials, partially explains the low number of treated patients. Fear of intracranial hemorrhage after rtPA also drives the strict selection of patients, despite evidence of the safety and potential effectiveness of rtPA treatment in an off-label setting.2,3 According to the European Medicines Agency, very severe stroke, defined as an NIH Stroke Sca...
Source: Neurology - December 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Uyttenboogaart, M., Fink, J. N. Tags: Stroke in young adults, Class III, Infarction, Intracerebral hemorrhage EDITORIALS Source Type: research

Is platelet transfusion the solution to reverse platelet inhibition in patients on triple antiplatelet therapy?
Antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone of secondary prevention against acute thrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular disease [1]. Health Organizations around the world recommend combination therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor for up to one year following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and lifelong aspirin therapy thereafter [2]. Vorapaxar, a first-in-class novel protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist, was approved in addition to standard antiplatelet therapy, to further reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, cardiovascular dea...
Source: Thrombosis Research - October 30, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Marie Lordkipanidzé Source Type: research

Tissue-type plasminogen activator-binding RNA aptamers inhibiting low-density lipoprotein receptor family-mediated internalisation.
Abstract Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, trade name Alteplase), currently the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of cerebral ischaemic stroke, has been implicated in a number of adverse effects reportedly mediated by interactions with the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) family receptors, including neuronal cell death and an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage. The tissue-type plasminogen activator is the principal initiator of thrombolysis in human physiology, an effect that is mediated directly via localised activation...
Source: Thrombosis and Haemostasis - April 9, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Bjerregaard N, Bøtkjær KA, Helsen N, Andreasen PA, Dupont DM Tags: Thromb Haemost Source Type: research

New strategies for osteoporosis patients previously managed with strontium ranelate
The aim of this article is to describe potential alternatives to patients no longer eligible for management with strontium ranelate for osteoporosis according to the recommendations by the European Medicines Agency. A systematic search of Pubmed was done for papers on fracture efficacy of various treatments for osteoporosis, and potential harms especially in terms of cardiovascular events and stroke. The results showed that drugs more efficacious in terms of relative risk reduction of fractures than strontium ranelate were alendronate, risedronate, zoledronate, and denosumab. Raloxifene, as for strontium, may be associated...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease - November 19, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Vestergaard, P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Protocol of the Febuxostat versus Allopurinol Streamlined Trial (FAST): a large prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint study comparing the cardiovascular safety of allopurinol and febuxostat in the management of symptomatic hyperuricaemia
Introduction Gout affects 2.5% of the UK's adult population and is now the most common type of inflammatory arthritis. The long-term management of gout requires reduction of serum urate levels and this is most often achieved with use of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as allopurinol. Febuxostat is the first new xanthine oxidase inhibitor since allopurinol and was licensed for use in 2008. The European Medicines Agency requested a postlicensing cardiovascular safety study of febuxostat versus allopurinol, which has been named the Febuxostat versus Allopurinol Streamlined trial (FAST). Methods and analysis FAST is a cardi...
Source: BMJ Open - July 10, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: MacDonald, T. M., Ford, I., Nuki, G., Mackenzie, I. S., De Caterina, R., Findlay, E., Hallas, J., Hawkey, C. J., Ralston, S., Walters, M., Webster, J., McMurray, J., Perez Ruiz, F., Jennings, C. G., MacDonald, Ford, Nuki, Mackenzie, Hallas, Webster, Walte Tags: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Research methods Protocol Source Type: research

Eliquis receives ‘positive opinion’ from EMA
The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended an addition to the current Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and stated that ‘Patients can stay on apixaban while being cardioverted.’
Source: Pharmacy Europe - May 15, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: AMcculloch Tags: Cardiovascular medicine apixaban ARISTOTLE Eliquis Latest News non-valvular atrial fibrillation stroke systemic embolism Source Type: news

A safe, effective diet pill - the elusive holy grail
Trade in illegal, ineffective drugs flourishes as pharmaceutical industry repeatedly fails to produce successful pillAttempts to invent a safe and effective diet pill have foundered time and again, allowing the internet trade in illegal and ineffective herbal supplements and dangerous drugs, such as DNP, to flourish.A successful diet pill could make billions for the pharmaceutical industry, but efforts to date have ended in disaster, with patients harmed, drugs banned and massive compensation paid out.Fen-phen, an appetite suppressant, was the most spectacular failure. It was withdrawn in the US in 1997 after causing wides...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 14, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: The Guardian Diets and dieting Drugs trade Healthcare industry World news Pharmaceuticals industry & wellbeing Health policy Society Politics UK news Life and style Public services policy Business Science Source Type: news

Cardiovascular risks and management during Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder treatment with methylphenidate.
Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common of the pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Methylphenidate is an important element of therapeutic strategies for ADHD. Clinicians are interested in the safety of methylphenidate. Because this drug raises heart rate and blood pressure, concerns have been raised about its cardiovascular safety. Concerns were based on case reports of sudden cardiac death in methylphenidate users, plausible pharmacological pathways involving well-established stimulant effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Until recently, data were limited to a num...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - December 2, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bange F, Le Heuzey MF, Acquaviva E, Delorme R, Mouren MC Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research

Author reply
Beaumont et al and Ueta raise concerns about the systemic safety of aflibercept for intravitreal injection, particularly regarding cerebrovascular risk and stroke, based on their analysis of safety data from the VIEW studies comparing aflibercept to ranibizumab. They acknowledge similar rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) overall between aflibercept and ranibizumab, as well as similar rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death as confirmed by masked adjudication using the strict and well-accepted Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration (APTC) criteria. However, they focus on numerical imbalances in certai...
Source: Ophthalmology - November 19, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jeffrey S. Heier, David M. Brown, Victor Chong, Jean-Francois Korobelnik, Peter K. Kaiser, Quan Dong Nguyen, Bernd Kirchhof, Allen Ho, Yuichiro Ogura, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Diabetes drugs may be linked to pancreatic cancer
Conclusion This article presents important concerns that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors could potentially increase the risk of inflammation and cancerous changes in the pancreas. The agencies that regulate medicines in Europe and the USA are aware of these issues, and told the BMJ that their analyses show increased reporting of pancreatic cancer among people taking these types of drugs. However, the agencies note that it has not been established whether these drugs directly cause the adverse effects seen in the pancreas. Both agencies are reviewing emerging eviden...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 10, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Diabetes QA articles Source Type: news

Practical use of dabigatran etexilate for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Summary Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, and is the most prevalent factor for cardioembolic stroke. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the standard of care for stroke prevention in patients with AF since the early 1990s. They are very effective for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke, but are limited by factors such as drug–drug interactions, food interactions, slow onset and offset of action, haemorrhage and need for routine anticoagulation monitoring to maintain a therapeutic international normalised ratio (INR). Multiple new oral anticoagulants have been develope...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice - April 5, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: K. Huber, S. J. Connolly, A. Kher, F. Christory, G.‐A. Dan, R. Hatala, R. G. Kiss, B. Meier, B. Merkely, B. Pieske, T. Potpara, J. Stępińska, N. Vene Klun, D. Vinereanu, P. Widimský Tags: Consensus Source Type: research

Families face battle with GSK over dangerous diabetes drug
Exclusive: Pharmaceutical giant resists claims despite settlement with victims in USThousands of families in the UK could be deprived of compensation for the death or harm of a relative caused by the diabetes drug Avandia, even though the British maker has agreed to pay billions of dollars to settle similar claims in the US.The licence for Avandia was revoked in Europe, in September 2010, because of evidence that it could cause heart failure and heart attacks. The drug can still be prescribed in the US, but not to patients at risk of heart problems.A scientist with the Food and Drug Administration estimated that Avandia co...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 29, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: The Guardian United States World news Pharmaceuticals industry Medical research Legal aid Law UK news Diabetes GlaxoSmithKline Business Source Type: news

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