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Infectious Disease: Meningitis

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Total 603 results found since Jan 2013.

Strokes Tied to Tainted Steroid Injections (CME/CE)
(MedPage Today) -- There should be a "high index of suspicion for possible fungal meningitis" when ischemic stroke occurs in the posterior circulation and patients have a history of epidural spinal injections, according to researchers who reported a small series of case studies.
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - July 24, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Neurological complications of HIV
Abstract: The HIV virus is both neurotropic and immunotropic, causing progressive destruction of both systems. Although their frequency has been markedly reduced in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, neurological presentations and complications of HIV remain common. Neurological opportunistic infections (OI) and diseases occur in advanced HIV disease and include cryptococcal meningitis, progressive multifocal encephalopathy, primary cerebral lymphoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis. Neurological disease directly associated with HIV may occur at any stage in the progress of HIV disease, from the aseptic meningiti...
Source: Medicine - August 1, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Adam Croucher, Alan Winston Tags: HIV/AIDS by system Source Type: research

Study of audiovestibular dysfunction in children with systemic lupus erythematosus
Conclusion: Silent audiovestibular dysfunction is prevalent among systemic lupus erythematosus children especially those positive for antiphospholipid antibodies necessitating routine regular evaluation.
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - August 24, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ghada Ibrahim Gad, Somaia Tawfik Mohamed, Khaled Salah Awwad, Rehab Fetoh Mohamed Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Use of hypothermia does not improve outcomes for adults with severe meningitis; may be harmful
In conclusion, our trial does not support the use of hypothermia in adults with severe meningitis. Moderate hypothermia did not improve outcome in patients with severe bacterial meningitis and may even be harmful. Our results may have important implications for future trials on hypothermia in patients presenting with septic shock or stroke. Careful evaluation of safety issues in these future and ongoing trials are needed," the authors write.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - October 8, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

How experienced community neurologists make diagnoses during clinical encounters
We describe 3 core domains of diagnosis: 1) clinical (C), 2) laboratory and electrodiagnostics (L), and 3) neuroimaging (N). Neurologists were uniform in their practices across these domains except within the clinical domain, where the physical examination varied considerably among clinicians. All neurologists coordinated findings from the 3 domains to arrive at a final diagnosis. This practice of coordination varied across common disease categories (e.g., meningitis vs dementia). To codify this variance, we developed a provisional model of diagnostic practice derived from the data consisting of a 3-point coordinate shorth...
Source: Neurology - October 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Dhand, A., Engstrom, J., Dhaliwal, G. Tags: Cost effectiveness/economic, Decision analysis, All Clinical Neurology, Methods of education CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Source Type: research

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with dengue infection: A case report with literature review
Abstract: Dengue is the commonest arboviral illness caused by four antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1 through DEN-4). The clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to catastrophic dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In last few years, neurological manifestations of dengue infection have been increasingly observed and reported mainly with serotypes DEN-2 and DEN-3. The pathogenesis of neurological manifestations includes: neurotrophic effect of the dengue virus, related to the systemic effects of dengue infection, and immune mediated. Encephalopathy and encephalitis are the most ...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - September 16, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Meena Gupta, Rajeev Nayak, Geeta A. Khwaja, Debashish Chowdhury Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

Proton Therapy for Reirradiation of Progressive or Recurrent Chordoma
Conclusions: Full-dose proton reirradiation provided encouraging initial disease control and overall survival for patients with recurrent or progressive chordoma, although additional toxicities may develop with longer follow-up times.
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - November 23, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Mark W. McDonald, Okechuckwu R. Linton, Mitesh V. Shah Tags: Central Nervous System Tumors Source Type: research

Proton therapy for reirradiation of progressive or recurrent chordoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Full-dose proton reirradiation provided encouraging initial disease control and overall survival for patients with recurrent or progressive chordoma, although additional toxicities may develop with longer follow-up times. PMID: 24267972 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Health Physics - November 28, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: McDonald MW, Linton OR, Shah MV Tags: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Source Type: research

Desert dust and human health disorders.
Abstract Dust storms may originate in many of the world's drylands and have an effect not only on human health in the drylands themselves but also in downwind environments, including some major urban centres, such as Phoenix, Kano, Athens, Madrid, Dubai, Jedda, Tehran, Jaipur, Beijing, Shanghai, Seoul, Taipei, Tokyo, Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne. In some parts of the world dust storms occur frequently throughout the year. They can transport particulate material, pollutants, and potential allergens over thousands of km from source. The main sources include the Sahara, central and eastern Asia, the Middle East, an...
Source: Environment International - November 22, 2013 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Goudie AS Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Evaluation of Reconstructive Techniques for Anterior and Middle Skull Base Defects Following Tumor Ablation
Conclusions: Vascularized flaps provide reliable and durable reconstructive options for anterior and middle skull base defects after resection of large complex malignant neoplasms of the craniofacial region. Free flaps, such as RFFFs, ALTs, and TDAPs, are well suited for these defects. They have a low risk of complications and low donor-site morbidity and offer good functional and esthetic outcomes.
Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - July 15, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jayini S. Thakker, Rui Fernandes Tags: Surgical Oncology and Reconstruction Source Type: research

The causes of hypopituitarism in the absence of abnormal pituitary imaging
Conclusion: These results show that hypopituitarism in the absence of pituitary pathology or an identifiable cause is rare. In patients with multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies haemochromatosis and sarcoidosis should be considered.
Source: QJM - December 20, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Wilson, V., Mallipedhi, A., Stephens, J. W., Redfern, R. M., Price, D. E. Tags: Original papers Source Type: research

Inflammasomes in the CNS
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 15, 84 (2014). doi:10.1038/nrn3638 Authors: John G. Walsh, Daniel A. Muruve & Christopher Power Microglia and macrophages in the CNS contain multimolecular complexes termed inflammasomes. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors for infectious agents as well as for host-derived danger signals that are associated with neurological diseases, including meningitis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Assembly of an inflammasome activates caspase 1
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 8, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: John G. WalshDaniel A. MuruveChristopher Power Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cerebral microbleeding in varicella-zoster viral meningitis: An early sign of vasculopathy?
A 75-year-old man undergoing chemotherapy for prostate cancer for 3 months presented with headache after having blisters in his left ear canal and auricle. His body temperature at presentation was 38°C. Neurologic examination revealed nuchal stiffness and left peripheral facial palsy. We also noted leukocytopenia (2,000/µL) and elevated serum C-reactive protein (8.51 mg/dL). CSF analysis showed no erythrocytes, elevated leukocytes (640/µL; 3% monocytes, 97% neutrophils), an increased protein level (473 mg/dL), and slightly decreased glucose level (51 mg/dL, serum glucose 120 mg/dL). Brain MRI and magnetic r...
Source: Neurology - March 3, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Ohtomo, R., Shirota, Y., Iwata, A., Shimizu, J., Tsuji, S. Tags: MRI, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Vasculitis, Viral infections CLINICAL/SCIENTIFIC NOTES Source Type: research

What Causes Ataxia?
Discussion Coordination and balance problems are caused by various problems affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Normal development of a child or weakness of a child are commonly mistaken for true ataxia. Ataxia specifically refers to “…impairment of the coordination of movement without loss of muscle strength.” If it is purely due to abnormalities of the cerebellum then there should be no changes in mental status, sensation or weakness. Sometimes it is difficult to determine if there are abnormalities in other areas. For example, Guillian-Barre often presents with difficulty or clumsy wal...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 31, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news