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Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side‐Effect Profiles
ABSTRACT Pharmacotherapy directed toward reducing body weight may provide benefits for both curbing obesity and lowering the risk of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. However, many weight loss medications have been withdrawn from the market due to serious adverse effects. Examples include pulmonary hypertension (aminorex), cardiovascular toxicity, e.g. flenfluramine‐induced valvopathy, stroke (phenylpropanolamine), excess non‐fatal cardiovascular events (sibutramine), and neuro‐psychiatric issues (rimonabant ‐ approved in Europe, but not in the US). This negative experience has helped mold the current drug dev...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrew J. Krentz, Ken Fujioka, Marcus Hompesch Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Pediatric obesity: Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment.
Authors: Xu S, Xue Y Abstract Pediatric or childhood obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents worldwide. Approximately 43 million individuals are obese, 21-24% children and adolescents are overweight, and 16-18% of individuals have abdominal obesity. The prevalence of obesity is highest among specific ethnic groups. Obesity increases the risk of heart diseases in children and adults. Childhood obesity predisposes the individual to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver and kidney diseases and causes reproductive dysfunction in adults. Obe...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - February 4, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

Obesity and Clinical Riskiness Relationship: Therapeutic Management by Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation-a Review.
Abstract Obesity is a global health problem affecting all age groups, leading to many complications such as type 2 diabetes, systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Physiologically, obesity arises from metabolic changes in the tissues and organs of the human body; these changes result in an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which in turn results in increased fat accumulation in adipose tissue. Such fat accumulation predisposes individuals to development of several health problems. Two different obesity treatment drugs are currently on the mark...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - April 12, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hassan HA, El-Gharib NE Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: research

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean duration of 2.1 years of follow-up in children and adolescent...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - March 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cardiovascular effects of current and future anti-obesity drugs.
Abstract The prevalence of obesity increases and is associated with increases in co-morbidities e.g. type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, stroke, asthma, several forms of cancer, depression, and may result in reduction of expected remaining lifespan. We have reviewed the adverse effects on the cardiovascular system of anti-obesity drugs now retracted from the market as well as the cardiovascular profile of current drugs and potential pathways which are considered for treatment of obesity. Fenfluramine, and sibutramine were withdrawn due to increased cardiovascular ...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - May 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Comerma-Steffensen S, Grann M, Andersen CU, Rungby J, Simonsen U Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Metformin associated with better cardiovascular outcomes than other glycaemic therapies
Context A question exists as to whether the outcome of glycaemic treatment of diabetes varies with the agent used; speculation surrounds whether metformin might be preferable to other treatments. Methods Ghotbi and colleagues performed an epidemiological analysis of 8192 obese patients with diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk participating in the Sibutramine Cardiovascular OUTcomes (SCOUT) trial. Mortality and a combined cardiovascular outcome of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, resuscitation after cardiac arrest or cardiovascular death were compared among those receiving one of the following interv...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - May 19, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Bloomgarden, Z. T. Tags: Smoking and tobacco, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Stroke, Hypertension, Diet, Obesity (nutrition), Ischaemic heart disease, Diabetes, Health education, Smoking Therapeutics Source Type: research

Association between serum bilirubin and cardiovascular disease in an overweight high risk population from the SCOUT trial
Conclusion: Bilirubin was not a risk-factor independent from other traditional cardiovascular risk-factors in our population.
Source: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD - February 18, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: M.E. Jørgensen, C. Torp-Pedersen, N. Finer, I. Caterson, W.P.T. James, U.F. Legler, C. Andersson Tags: Liver abnormalities, diabetes and cardiovascular risk Source Type: research

A safe, effective diet pill - the elusive holy grail
Trade in illegal, ineffective drugs flourishes as pharmaceutical industry repeatedly fails to produce successful pillAttempts to invent a safe and effective diet pill have foundered time and again, allowing the internet trade in illegal and ineffective herbal supplements and dangerous drugs, such as DNP, to flourish.A successful diet pill could make billions for the pharmaceutical industry, but efforts to date have ended in disaster, with patients harmed, drugs banned and massive compensation paid out.Fen-phen, an appetite suppressant, was the most spectacular failure. It was withdrawn in the US in 1997 after causing wides...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 14, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: The Guardian Diets and dieting Drugs trade Healthcare industry World news Pharmaceuticals industry & wellbeing Health policy Society Politics UK news Life and style Public services policy Business Science Source Type: news

Association of Hypoglycemic Treatment Regimens on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: A Substudy of the SCOUT Trial.
CONCLUSIONSIn obese patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of cardiovascular disease, monotherapy with metformin or diet-only treatment were associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events than treatment with insulin. PMID: 24089540 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Diabetes Care - October 2, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ghotbi AA, Køber L, Finer N, James WP, Sharma AM, Caterson I, Coutinho W, Van Gaal LF, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersson C Tags: Diabetes Care Source Type: research

Orlistat reduces weight but its cost-effectiveness remains unclear
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of three pharmacological interventions (orlistat, sibutramine and rimonabant) in obese patients in...
Source: Evidence-Based Nursing - March 8, 2013 Category: Nursing Authors: Veerman, L. Tags: Health policy, General practice / family medicine, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Obesity (nutrition), Health service research, Health education, Obesity (public health) Primary healthcare Source Type: research