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A Review of the Role of Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardioembolic Stroke
Med Sci Monit. 2022 Jun 22;28:e936365. doi: 10.12659/MSM.936365.ABSTRACTStroke is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for the second largest cause of mortality and the third greatest cause of disability. Stroke is frequently preceded by a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The etiologies of 20-30% of ischemic strokes are unknown, and thus are termed "cryptogenic strokes". About 25% of ischemic strokes are cardioembolic. Strokes occur at a rate of around 2% per year in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with a strong correlation between stroke risk and the degree...
Source: Medical Science Monitor - June 22, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Sergiu Florin Arnautu Diana Aurora Arnautu Ana Lascu Andrei A Hajevschi Ciprian Ilie Ilie Rosca Abhinav Sharma Dragos Catalin Jianu Source Type: research

Age-Dependence of Flow Homeostasis in the Left Ventricle
Conclusions: In average, blood spends 1 to 3 beats inside the LV with very low shear stress rates. The apical region is the most prone to blood stasis, particularly in mid-aged adults. The washout of blood in the normal LV is age-dependent due to physiological changes in the degree of apical penetration of the filling waves. Introduction Cardioembolic stroke is a major source of mortality and disability worldwide and blood stasis one of its major determinants (Adams et al., 1986). Left ventricular (LV) function has evolved to maximize mechanical efficiency and ensure organ perfusion at a low cost of energy and fill...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Is Associated With Circadian and Other Variability in Embolus Detection
Conclusions: Embolism associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis shows circadian variation with highest rates 4–6 h before midday. This corresponds with peak circadian incidence of stroke and other vascular complications. These and ASED Study results show that monitoring frequency, duration, and time of day are important in ES detection. Introduction Transcranial Doppler (TCD) detected microembolism in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) may help stratify the risk of stroke and other arterial disease complications in persons with advanced (≥60%) asymptomatic carotid stenosis. If so, this t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

LivaNova launches post-market study of bioprosthetic aortic heart valves
LivaNova (NSDQ:LIVN) announced today that the first patient has been enrolled in a post-market trial evaluating the overall incidence of reduced leaflet motion identified by CT imaging in patients receiving a bioprosthetic aortic heart valve. Four-dimensional CT scans will be taken of the trial’s 230 participants at least 30 days after they stop anticoagulation or dual antiplatelet therapy, according to LivaNova. The study will also include one year of follow-up. “Thrombus formation on valve leaflets has been shown to occur in some patients receiving prosthetic tissue valve replacement via transcatheter or ope...
Source: Mass Device - January 11, 2018 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Sarah Faulkner Tags: Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Imaging Wall Street Beat LivaNova Source Type: news

The value of F-18 FDG PET-CT scan in the diagnosis of infection of unknown origin in a patient with aortic valve replacement. in the diagnosis of infection of unknown origin in a patient with Aortic valve replacement. value of F-18 FDG PET/CT scan in the diagnosis of infection of unknown origin in a patient with Aortic valve replacement.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of and localization of a periaortic valve abscess in a patient with multiple valve replacements, recurrent fevers/sepsis and inconclusive imaging with transthoracic echocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiogram and Indium-111 WBC scan. The localization of the FDG activity to the posterior aspect of the valve which corresponded to the findings on transthoracic echocardiogram was key. Research Support:
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 24, 2017 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Muhleman, M., Kaur, H., Patel, M., Rydberg, J. Tags: Educational Exhibits Posters Source Type: research

A Patient with Quadricuspid Aortic Valve and Ischemic Stroke.
Authors: Krisper M, Köhncke C, Escher F, Morris DA, Tschöpe C, Pieske B Abstract Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. Aortic regurgitation is the predominant hemodynamically relevant abnormality in patients with QAV, and the main reason for patients requiring valve surgery. Calcific valve disease of the left heart valves is classified as 'low embolic risk' according to current guidelines. However, it remains an important risk factor of cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke. A 71-year-old woman presented with new-onset aphasia and hemiparesis of the right side of her body...
Source: Journal of Heart Valve Disease - December 25, 2016 Category: Cardiology Tags: J Heart Valve Dis Source Type: research

'Nine out of 10 strokes preventable,' claims study
Conclusion This valuable research aims to clarify which preventable risk factors are associated with stroke risk – knowledge that could have an effect on addressing this important global health problem. The study's strengths are that it is based on a large sample size of nearly 27,000 people from 32 countries and of different socioeconomic backgrounds. The researchers made careful attempts beforehand to calculate how many participants they would need to include to be able to reliably detect differences in risk factors. There was little missing data across the total sample – for the various different risk factors as...
Source: NHS News Feed - July 18, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Neurology Medication Source Type: news

Automatic extraction of forward stroke volume using dynamic PET/CT: a dual-tracer and dual-scanner validation in patients with heart valve disease
Background: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an automated method for extracting forward stroke volume (FSV) using indicator dilution theory directly from dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) studies for two different tracers and scanners. Methods: 35 subjects underwent a dynamic 11 C-acetate PET scan on a Siemens Biograph TruePoint-64 PET/CT (scanner I). In addition, 10 subjects underwent both dynamic 15 O-water PET and 11 C-acetate PET scans on a GE Discovery-ST PET/CT (scanner II). The left ventricular (LV)-aortic time-activity curve...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - October 26, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Hendrik HarmsLars TolbodNils HanssonTanja KeroLovisa OrndahlWon KimTomas BjernerKirsten BoucheloucheHenrik WiggersJørgen FrøkiærJens Sörensen Source Type: research

Medtech approvals: FDA releases August 2015 PMAs
The FDA today released its list of the pre-market approvals it granted for medical devices in August 2015: Summary of PMA Originals & Supplements Approved Originals: 2 Supplements: 70 Summary of PMA Originals Under Review Total Under Review: 57 Total Active: 28 Total On Hold: 29 Summary of PMA Supplements Under Review Total Under Review: 569 Total Active: 422 Total On Hold: 147 Summary of All PMA Submissions Originals: 5 Supplements: 90 Summary of PMA Supplement PMA Approval/Denial Decision Times Number of Approvals: 70 Number of Denials: 0 Average Days Fr Receipt to Decision (Total Time): 229.0 FDA Time: 130...
Source: Mass Device - October 23, 2015 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: Brad Perriello Tags: Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Pre-Market Approval (PMA) Regulatory/Compliance Source Type: news

A safe, effective diet pill - the elusive holy grail
Trade in illegal, ineffective drugs flourishes as pharmaceutical industry repeatedly fails to produce successful pillAttempts to invent a safe and effective diet pill have foundered time and again, allowing the internet trade in illegal and ineffective herbal supplements and dangerous drugs, such as DNP, to flourish.A successful diet pill could make billions for the pharmaceutical industry, but efforts to date have ended in disaster, with patients harmed, drugs banned and massive compensation paid out.Fen-phen, an appetite suppressant, was the most spectacular failure. It was withdrawn in the US in 1997 after causing wides...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 14, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: The Guardian Diets and dieting Drugs trade Healthcare industry World news Pharmaceuticals industry & wellbeing Health policy Society Politics UK news Life and style Public services policy Business Science Source Type: news