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Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) with stroke like symptoms. A case report. (P5.104)
Conclusion: Clinicians should consider SREAT in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with stroke like symptoms/vasculitis especially if investigations fail to establish a diagnosis.Disclosure: Dr. Javalkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abbas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harris has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Javalkar, V., Abbas, S., Harris, M. Tags: Edema, Encephalopathy, and Encephalitis Source Type: research

GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES: Anti-AMPA-GluR3 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR1 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR2A/B antibodies, Anti-mGluR1 antibodies or Anti-mGluR5 antibodies are present in subpopulations of patients with either: Epilepsy, Encephalitis, Cerebellar Ataxia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Neuropsychiatric SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, Schizophrenia, Mania or Stroke. These autoimmune anti-glutamate receptor antibodies can bind neurons in few brain regions, activate glutamate receptors, decrease glutamate receptor's expression, impair glutamate-induced signaling and function, activate Blood Brain Barrier endothelial cells, kill neurons, damage the brain, induce behavioral/psychiatric/cognitive abnormalities and Ataxia in animal models, and can be removed or silenced in some patients by immunotherapy.
Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and it is crucially needed for numerous key neuronal functions. Yet, excess glutamate causes massive neuronal death and brain damage by excitotoxicity-detrimental over activation of glutamate receptors. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the main pathological process taking place in many types of acute and chronic CNS diseases and injuries. In recent years, it became clear that not only excess glutamate can cause massive brain damage, but that several types of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies, that are present in ...
Source: Herpes - August 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Levite M Tags: J Neural Transm Source Type: research

Paraneoplastic limbic and extra-limbic encephalitis secondary to a thymoma mimicking an acute stroke.
PMID: 26795210 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences - January 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Reginold W, Ninan K, Coret-Simon J, Haider E Tags: Can J Neurol Sci Source Type: research

Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis Triggered by Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis (P01.231)
CONCLUSIONS: Our case is the first reported case in the literature of proven CMV encephalitis triggering a subsequent non-infectious CNS vasculitis probably secondary to an autoimmune response. The absence of findings in the initial MRIs of the brain in spite of an intermittently symptomatic patient and the subsequent development of ischemic infarcts supports the theory of intermittent focal hypoperfusion, finally leading to infarction. The high clinical suspicion even with lack of clear evidence of the disease process and empirical treatment led to a successful clinical recovery.Disclosure: Dr. Rosales has nothing to disc...
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Rosales, D., Garcia-Gracia, C., Salgado, E., Salanga, V. Tags: P01 Cerebrovascular Disease I Source Type: research

Case report: Acute vestibular syndrome and cerebellitis in anti-Yo paraneoplastic syndrome
We report three patients evaluated over the past decade with an acute AVS along with subtle downbeat nystagmus (DBN), followed by dysarthria and progressive truncal and limb ataxia, as well as increasing DBN intensity.MethodsAll patients underwent neurologic examination, video-oculography, MRI, serum cancer markers, spinal fluid examination, paraneoplastic panel testing, and oncologic workup. With a consolidated diagnosis of cancer/paraneoplastic syndrome, we treated with plasma exchange (PLEX), high-dose steroids, surgery, and oncologic investigation. We additionally provided oncotherapy in one out of three patients.Resul...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - August 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Autoimmune gabab antibody encephalitis associated with non-malignant lung lesion
GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially treatable disorder characterised by seizures, memory deficits, increased anxiety and mood dysregulation. In some patients it is associated with small–cell lung cancer and with other autoantibodies. We are presenting a case of GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis which was associated with non–malignant lung lesion, likely inflammatory in nature. A 62 year old woman presented with recent onset depression and tonic–clonic seizures. CT head showed patchy white matter changes particularly in the left frontal lobe. Initial treatment for suspected infecti...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wysota, B., Teare, L., Karim, A., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs: psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (AB Source Type: research

Anti glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody mediated encephalopathy while on etanercept in a patient with multiple autoimmune diseases
A 39 year old lady presented with an altered mental state and unsteadiness of gait. She had a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis and alopecia, protein S deficiency with vena cava thrombosis, previous excision of ovarian mass and vasculitic rash. There was a previous history of ovarian mass and her immunomodulatory therapy for arthritis over the previous year was Etanercept. She used recreational cannabis but denied any other illicit drug usage. Her affect was variable and at times inappropriate with frequent laughter. She would spit regularly. There was anxiety and a prevailing sensation of do...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: MacDougall, N., Waddell, B., O'Riordan, J. I. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Connective tissue disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes Association of British Source Type: research

N-type calcium channel antibody-mediated paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: A diagnostic challenge
Conclusion: This case highlights limbic encephalitis as an atypical presentation of neuroendocrine cancer. It also illustrates how treatment of the underlying cancer can reverse limbic encephalitis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome in a neuroendocrine carcinoma patient even before the paraneoplastic panel becomes negative.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, David Blas-Boria, Michelle D. Williams, Pedro Garciarena, Sudhakar Tummala, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis (P5.228)
ConclusionThis case demonstrates a correlation between a high titer of VGCC antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis. Our patient's initial improvement with steroids and plasma exchange in the face of a negative CT and PET suggests a primary autoimmune process rather than a paraneoplastic etiology, though we admit that it is premature to rule out remission and we will continue to follow herDisclosure: Dr. Alwaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lugo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goshgarian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hefzy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mitsias has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Alwaki, A., Lugo, A., Goshgarian, C., Ahmad, O., Hefzy, H., Mitsias, P. Tags: Aging, Dementia, and Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Subacute Encephalopathies Source Type: research

Limbic encephalitis: Clinical spectrum and long-term outcome from a developing country perspective
Conclusion: Early recognition of LE is important based upon clinical, MRI data in the absence of antineuronal surface antibody screen in developing nations. Early institution of immunotherapy will help in improvement in outcome of these patients in long-term.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sujit Abajirao JagtapGopal Krishna DasHarsha J. KambaleAshalatha RadhakrishnanM.D. Nair Source Type: research

Progressive limbic encephalopathy: Problems and prospects
Conclusion: All patients who present with new onset neuropsychiatric symptoms need to be evaluated for sub-acute infections, inflammation, autoimmune limbic encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome. A repeated 20 minute EEG is a very effective screening tool to detect organicity.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sadanandavalli Retnaswami ChandraRoopa SeshadriYasha ChikabasaviahThomas Gregor Issac Source Type: research

Central sleep apnea in a patient with dengue encephalitis
We report for the first time a case of Central sleep apnea in a patient with dengue encephalopathy. This is a case report of a 50 year old male who had presented with fever, body ache, headache and altered mental status. A diagnosis of dengue fever was made on the basis of IgM antibodies in serum and encephalopathy was attributed to dengue encephalitis in the absence of another etiological cause of encephalopathy. Persistent hyper somnolence and desaturation despite resolution of fever led to a polysomnographic evaluation, which revealed significant central sleep apnea. Hypersomnia, a primary complaint of excessive sleepin...
Source: Apollo Medicine - March 5, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Limbic Encephalitis Exacerbations and Remissions Charted by Microglial PET Scan: A Case Study (P4.104)
CONCLUSIONS: C-11-PK11195 PET imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis and for monitoring response to treatment. MALT lymphoma may also be associated with autoimmune or paraneoplastic encephalitis, especially in individuals with other predisposing factors to autoimmune disorders, such as Tourette’s and autoimmune thyroid disease. The reduction in microglial activity with both IVIG and anti-psychotics supports previous findings that anti-psychotics may act through anti-inflammatory pathways.Disclosure: Dr. Shatz has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceutica. Dr. Chugani has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Shatz, R., Chugani, H. Tags: Aging, Dementia, Cognitive, and Behavioral Neurology: Rapidly Progressive and Inflammatory Dementias Source Type: research