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ATRA ameliorates fibrosis by suppressing the pro-fibrotic molecule Fra2/AP-1 in systemic sclerosis
In this study, the pro-fibrotic effect of Fra2 in SSc is confirmed. SSc dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced fibrotic tissues of SSc animals exhibit increased levels of Fra2. Inhibition of Fra2 expression in SSc dermal fibroblasts with Fra2 siRNA markedly decreased collagen I expression. ATRA reduced the expressions of Fra2, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in SSc dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced fibrotic tissues of SSc mice. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor RARα binds to the FRA2 promoter and modulates its transcriptio...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - June 18, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zixin Pi Jiani Liu Yangfan Xiao Xinglan He Ruixuan Zhu Rui Tang Xiangning Qiu Yi Zhan Zhuotong Zeng Yaqian Shi Rong Xiao Source Type: research

Vitamin D3 alleviates inflammation in ulcerative colitis by activating the VDR-NLRP6 signaling pathway
In this study, we carried out histological and physiological analyses in UC patients and UC mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and protein and mRNA expression were performed to analyze and identify the potential molecular mechanism in UC mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse intestinal epithelial cells (MIECs). Moreover, we established nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein nlrp6-/- mice and siRNA-NLRP6 MIECs to further characterize the role of NLRP6 in an...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 8, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

1,25(OH) < sub > 2 < /sub > D < sub > 3 < /sub > promotes the elimination of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by inducing autophagy through the VDR-ATG16L1 pathway
CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated the protective features of 1,25(OH)2D3 in macrophages against Kp infection and may provide evidence for further exploration of its potential as an adjunctive therapy agent for the treatment of bacterial infections.PMID:36174418 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109266
Source: International Immunopharmacology - September 29, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jinhui Tang Liwen Gu Jieyu Luo Haihua Luo Qingli Zeng Yong Jiang Source Type: research

Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Reduces Kidney Folate Transporter Expression and Plasma Folate Levels
In conclusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury can downregulate Sp1 mediated-folate transporter expression in tubular cells, which may reduce folate reabsorption and lead to low folate status.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 4, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

P38 MAPK Signaling Mediates Retinoic Acid-Induced CD103 Expression in Human Dendritic Cells.
In this study, we analyzed the cell type specificity and the molecular mechanisms involved in RA-induced CD103 expression. We show that RA treatment caused a significant upregulation of CD103 in differentiated monocyte-derived DCs and blood DCs, but not in differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages or T cells. DC treatment with an RARα agonist lead to a similar increase in CD103 expression as RA treatment, while RARA gene silencing with siRNA blocked RA-induced upregulation of CD103, pointing to a major role of RARα in the regulation of CD103 expression. To elucidate RA-induced signaling downstream of RARα, we used Wes...
Source: Immunology - July 31, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Roe MM, Hashimi M, Swain S, Woo KM, Bimczok D Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Interactions With Natural Killer Cells and Pro-angiogenic Activities: Roles in Tumor Progression
Conclusions MDSC are major players in the immunosuppressive scenario in cancer, thanks to their phenotype heterogeneity and critical interaction with several innate immune cells, thus representing a crucial target in oncology. Here we reviewed the interactions of MDSCs with NK cells. The contribution of key cytokines, chemokines and mediators active in this process have been discussed. We also described the contribution of MDSC on angiogenesis directly or indirectly through interactions with NK and immunosuppressive activities. A parallel of the cancer associated to the decidual counterpart of these cells is discussed, a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

1,25 ‑Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing miR-125b.
This study aimed to explore whether 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates macrophage polarization in inflammation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and colitis mice were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Macrophages were transfected with siRNA-vitamin D receptor (VDR) or miR-125b mimic or inhibitor, and 1,25(OH)2D3-pretreated colitis mice were injected with a miR-125b agomir. The distribution of macrophage subsets and macrophage subtype characteristics was analyzed. As expected, 1,25(OH)2D3 transformed lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 macrophages to the M2 subset, downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 expression and interfe...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - December 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhu X, Zhu Y, Li C, Yu J, Ren D, Qiu S, Nie Y, Yu X, Xu X, Zhu W Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

MCL1 has a vital role in retinoic acid-mediated protection of TLR9-stimulated B-cells from spontaneous and DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 27278254 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Immunology - June 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Holm KL, Indrevaer RL, Myklebust JH, Kolstad A, Moskaug JØ, Naderi EH, Blomhoff HK Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

The differential effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Salmonella‐induced interleukin‐8 and human beta‐defensin‐2 in intestinal epithelial cells
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - March 15, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Fu‐Chen Huang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Salmonella-induced interleukin-8 and human beta-defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 26990648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - March 14, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Huang FC Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: research

Phenylbutyrate induces cathelicidin expression via the vitamin D receptor: Linkage to inflammatory and growth factor cytokines pathways
In this study we demonstrate vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a key transcription factor required for PBA mediated up-regulation of the CAMP gene expression. PBA also increases mRNA expression of the vitamin D3 regulated genes CYP24A1 and CD14. The siRNA knockdown of VDR reduced PBA mediated increase in CAMP, CYP24A1 and CD14 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PBA enhances Toll-Like Receptor 5 ligand flagellin regulated mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα and chemokine CXCL8. PBA also up-regulates the expression of the genes encoding the growth factor cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF) α, TGFβ...
Source: Molecular Immunology - November 18, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on cathelicidin production and antibacterial function of human oral keratinocytes.
In this study, we investigated the regulation of antibacterial functions of oral keratinocyte cells by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25VD3). OKF6/TERT2 cells, an immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line, were transfected with or without 24-hydroxylase small interfering RNA (siRNA) and incubated with different amounts of 25VD3. These epithelial cells expressed high levels of inactivating 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and relatively low levels of activating 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in the presence of 25VD3. 25VD3 influenced the expression of vitamin D-driven genes and cathelicidin in a dose-related manner. SiRNA specific to 24-hyd...
Source: Cellular Immunology - June 19, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wang Q, Zhang W, Li H, Aprecio R, Wu W, Lin Y, Li Y Tags: Cell Immunol Source Type: research