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Total 63 results found since Jan 2013.

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The Functions of Non-coding RNAs in rRNA Regulation
Qi Yan1, Chengming Zhu1, Shouhong Guang1,2* and Xuezhu Feng1* 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 2CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein machines that decode the genetic information embedded in mRNAs into polypeptides. Ribosome biogenesis is tightly coordinated and controlled from the transcription of pre-rRNAs to the assembly of ribosomes. Defects or disorders in rRNA production result in a number of human ri...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 4, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The circRNA-MYLK plays oncogenic roles in the Hep-2 cell line by sponging microRNA-145-5p.
Abstract For the exploration of circular RNA light chain kinase (circRNA-MYLK), siRNA#1 and siRNA#2 targeting circRNA-MYLK as well as microRNA(miR)-145-5p inhibitor were transfected. Viability was valued with the CCK-8. The protein expression was examined relying on Western blot. The expression of circRNA-MYLK or miR-145-5p was tested depending on qRT-PCR. The apoptotic/migration/invasion rate was separately measured by the Annexin v-FITC/PI with flow cytometer or chambers assays. CircRNA-MYLK was overexpressed in tumor tissue. Silencing circRNA-MYLK induced the inhibitions of viability, invasion and migration, as...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - April 30, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Li X, Yuan T, Yang S, Sun X Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

The reverse transcriptase–RNase H: from viruses to antiviral defense
Ubiquitous, reverse transcriptase may have contributed to the transition from the RNA to the DNA world, a transition that also involved RNase H–like activities. Both enzymes shaped various genomes and antiviral defense systems as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and transposable elements (TEs). A close relationship between a dozen components of retroviruses and the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral‐defense machinery has been characterized. Most antiviral‐defense systems involve RNase H–like enzymes destroying invading nucleic acids, RNA, or DNA. Such enzymes include RNases H, Argonaute, Dicer, Cas9, transposase...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - February 19, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Karin Moelling, Felix Broecker Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Synthetic microRNAs can control infection Microbiology
Systematic genetic perturbation screening in human cells remains technically challenging. Typically, large libraries of chemically synthesized siRNA oligonucleotides are used, each designed to degrade a specific cellular mRNA via the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. Here, we report on data from three genome-wide siRNA screens, conducted to uncover host factors required...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - March 25, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Franceschini, A., Meier, R., Casanova, A., Kreibich, S., Daga, N., Andritschke, D., Dilling, S., Ramo, P., Emmenlauer, M., Kaufmann, A., Conde–Alvarez, R., Low, S. H., Pelkmans, L., Helenius, A., Hardt, W.–D., Dehio, C., von Mering, C. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

RNAi-based nanomedicines for gene silencing Applied Biological Sciences
Despite progress in systemic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to the liver and to solid tumors, systemic siRNA delivery to leukocytes remains challenging. The ability to silence gene expression in leukocytes has great potential for identifying drug targets and for RNAi-based therapy for leukocyte diseases. However, both normal and malignant...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 5, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Weinstein, S., Toker, I. A., Emmanuel, R., Ramishetti, S., Hazan-Halevy, I., Rosenblum, D., Goldsmith, M., Abraham, A., Benjamini, O., Bairey, O., Raanani, P., Nagler, A., Lieberman, J., Peer, D. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research

Nanoparticle injections show promise as treatment for osteoarthritis
This study is interesting, as it showed that these nanoparticles could reduce inflammation caused by joint injuries in mice. It's not yet clear from the study whether these nanoparticles will be effective once osteoarthritis has developed in the joint, so we would be interested to learn more and see how the research progresses."
Source: Arthritis Research UK - October 2, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: news

Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of coptisine against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes.
In this study, the protective effect of coptisine on the oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis was evaluated in cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes. The results demonstrate that preincubation of cells with coptisine prior to H2O2 stimulation resulted in significant inhibition of cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Coptisine also restored H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decrease of ATP production, and prevented apoptosis by inhibiting Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activity, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation. Interestingly, the expressions o...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - June 19, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Choi YH Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

DNA-inspired nanomaterials for enhanced endosomal escape Engineering
In this study, we developed a family of delivery vehicles called Janus base...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 3, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Jinhyung Lee, Ian Sands, Wuxia Zhang, Libo Zhou, Yupeng Chen Tags: Engineering, Brief Reports Physical Sciences Source Type: research

MTMR9/7 regulate CD4 T-cell differentiation Immunology
Screening a complete mouse phosphatase lentiviral shRNA library using high-throughput sequencing revealed several phosphatases that regulate CD4 T-cell differentiation. We concentrated on two lipid phosphatases, the myotubularin-related protein (MTMR)9 and -7. Silencing MTMR9 by shRNA or siRNA resulted in enhanced T-helper (Th)1 differentiation and increased Th1 protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 14, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Guo, L., Martens, C., Bruno, D., Porcella, S. F., Yamane, H., Caucheteux, S. M., Zhu, J., Paul, W. E. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research

Delivery of siRNA to adipose macrophages in mice Physiology
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and infiltration by macrophages is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese humans, offering a potential target for therapeutics. However, whether AT macrophages (ATMs) directly contribute to systemic glucose intolerance has not been determined. The reason is the lack of methods to ablate...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 14, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Aouadi, M., Tencerova, M., Vangala, P., Yawe, J. C., Nicoloro, S. M., Amano, S. U., Cohen, J. L., Czech, M. P. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

DTF1 in RNA-directed DNA methylation Plant Biology
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark in many eukaryotic organisms. De novo DNA methylation in plants can be achieved by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, where the plant-specific DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) transcribes target sequences to initiate 24-nt siRNA production and action. The putative DNA binding...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 14, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Zhang, H., Ma, Z.-Y., Zeng, L., Tanaka, K., Zhang, C.-J., Ma, J., Bai, G., Wang, P., Zhang, S.-W., Liu, Z.-W., Cai, T., Tang, K., Liu, R., Shi, X., He, X.-J., Zhu, J.-K. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

MAPKAPK2 impairs replication of damaged DNA Cell Biology
DNA damage can obstruct replication forks, resulting in replicative stress. By siRNA screening, we identified kinases involved in the accumulation of phosphohistone 2AX (γH2AX) upon UV irradiation-induced replication stress. Surprisingly, the strongest reduction of phosphohistone 2AX followed knockdown of the MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), a kinase currently implicated...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - October 15, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Kopper, F., Bierwirth, C., Schon, M., Kunze, M., Elvers, I., Kranz, D., Saini, P., Menon, M. B., Walter, D., Sorensen, C. S., Gaestel, M., Helleday, T., Schon, M. P., Dobbelstein, M. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Codelivery of siRNA and a cisplatin prodrug Engineering
Cisplatin and other DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics are widely used to treat a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, their application is limited by both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance. Most mutations that result from DNA damage are the consequence of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis, which could be responsible for the acquired resistance against...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - November 12, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Xu, X., Xie, K., Zhang, X.-Q., Pridgen, E. M., Park, G. Y., Cui, D. S., Shi, J., Wu, J., Kantoff, P. W., Lippard, S. J., Langer, R., Walker, G. C., Farokhzad, O. C. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Consequences of HSV-1-induced AS1 deficiency Microbiology
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection triggers specific metabolic changes in its host cell. To explore the interactions between cellular metabolism and HSV-1 infection, we performed an siRNA screen of cellular metabolic genes, measuring their effect on viral replication. The screen identified multiple enzymes predicted to influence HSV-1 replication, including...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 17, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Grady, S. L., Purdy, J. G., Rabinowitz, J. D., Shenk, T. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research