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Unrevealing the role of P-protein on melanosome biology and structure, using siRNA-mediated down regulation of OCA2.
Abstract The pink-eyed dilution protein (P-protein) plays a critical role in melanin synthesis in melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Mutation in this protein may cause complete or partial albinism. Role of the P-protein ranges in melanin synthesis to maturation and trafficking of the melanosomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of P-protein inhibition on melanosome biology by comparing the shape, size, count, and types of melanosomes in melan-a melanocytes. The cells were extensively examined by the transmission electron microscopy. The P-protein inhibition was carried by P-p...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - February 6, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park S, Morya VK, Nguyen DH, Singh BK, Lee HB, Kim EK Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Crucial roles of canonical Runx2-dependent pathway on Wnt1-induced osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
Abstract Canonical Wnt signaling is thought to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLFs). However, the mechanism of this enhancement has not yet been defined. We investigated the effects of Wnt1 on osteoblast differentiation of hPLFs and explored the mechanisms of the effects. Treating hPLFs with Wnt1 induced cytosolic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin with concomitant increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Wnt1-stimulated differentiation of hPLFs was accompanied by augmented p...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - January 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kook SH, Heo JS, Lee JC Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Notch4 promotes gastric cancer growth through activation of Wnt1/β-catenin signaling.
Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and lethal malignancies in the world. Discovering novel biomarkers that correlate with GC may provide opportunities to reduce the severity of GC. As one of Notch receptor family members in mammals, Notch4 plays an important role in carcinogenesis of several tumors. However, the precise function and mechanism of Notch4 in GC remain undefined. To address this question, we investigated whether Notch4 could be involved in GC progression. We found that Notch4 was activated by overexpressing exogenous intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), and Notch4 activat...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - December 16, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Qian C, Liu F, Ye B, Zhang X, Liang Y, Yao J Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

CXCL13-CXCR5 axis promotes the growth and invasion of colon cancer cells via PI3K/AKT pathway.
Abstract CXCL13, an inflammatory factor in the microenvironment, plays a vital role in the progression of inflammatory diseases and tumors. CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis of advanced colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis in colon cancer remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CXCR5-CXCL13 axis in the growth and invasion of colon cancer cells. Our results showed that CXCL13 promoted the growth, migration, and matrigel invasion of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, CXCL13 increased the expression and secr...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - December 5, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhu Z, Zhang X, Guo H, Fu L, Pan G, Sun Y Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

LSM14A inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication by activating IFN-β signaling pathway in Marc-145.
Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is considered as a significant contributor to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, one of the most economically important diseases for the pig industry worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that pattern recognition receptors play key roles in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a novel pattern recognition receptor LSM14A in regulating PRRSV replication. Results in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) indicated that overexpression of porcine LSM14A ef...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - November 19, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li Z, Chen R, Zhao J, Qi Z, Ji L, Zhen Y, Liu B Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

DNA-PKcs deficiency sensitizes the human hepatoma HepG2 cells to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
In conclusion, DNA-PKcs suppression had complementary effects in combination with CDDP and 5-Fu treatment in HepG2 cells, which was associated with suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway cascade, activation of caspase-3 and p53, as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2 and GSH. PMID: 25348361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 28, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Fang Y, Chai Z, Wang D, Kuang T, Wu W, Lou W Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

TGF-β-induced hCG-β regulates redox homeostasis in glioma cells.
Abstract Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is associated with the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-the most malignant of brain tumors. Since there is a structural homology between TGF-β and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and as both TGF-β and hCG-β are known regulators of oxidative stress and survival responses in a variety of tumors, the role of TGF-β in the regulation of hCG-β and its consequences on redox modulation of glioblastoma cells was investigated. A heightened hCG-β level was observed in GBM tumors. TGF-β treatment increased hCG-β expression in glioma cell lines, and this heigh...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 10, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ahmad F, Ghosh S, Sinha S, Joshi SD, Mehta VS, Sen E Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Pioglitazone reduces lipid droplets in cholesterolosis of the gallbladder by increasing ABCA1 and NCEH1 expression.
In conclusion, we observed that pioglitazone increased ABCA1 expression in an LXR-dependent manner and NCEH1 expression in an LXRα-independent manner, which mobilized CE hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux to reduce lipid droplet content in cholesterolosis GBECs. Our data provide a plausible alternative to human gallbladder cholesterolosis. PMID: 25280398 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 4, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang JM, Wang D, Tan YY, Zhao G, Ji ZL Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Piperine inhibits IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression by suppressing p38 MAPK and STAT3 activation in gastric cancer cells.
In this study, we investigated the effects of piperine on the IL-6 expression, and examined the underlying signaling pathways via RT-PCR, promoter studies and Western blotting in human gastric cancer TMK-1 cells. Our results showed that piperine inhibited interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced IL-6 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, piperine also inhibited IL-6 promoter activity. Experiments with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors and dominant negative mutant p38 MAPK indicated that p38 MAPK was essential for IL-6 expression in the TMK-1 cells. Additionally, signal transducer and activator of tra...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 19, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xia Y, Khoi PN, Yoon HJ, Lian S, Joo YE, Chay KO, Kim KK, Jung YD Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

EGFR-AKT-mTOR activation mediates epiregulin-induced pleiotropic functions in cultured osteoblasts.
Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) emerges as an essential molecule for the regulating of osteoblast cellular functions. In the current study, we explored the effect of epiregulin, a new EGFR ligand, on osteoblast functions in vitro, and studied the underlying mechanisms. We found that epiregulin-induced EGFR activation in both primary osteoblasts and osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Meanwhile, epiregulin activated AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Erk-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalings in cultured osteoblasts, which were blocked by EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or monoclonal ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 16, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Fan JB, Liu W, Zhu XH, Yuan K, Xu DW, Chen JJ, Cui ZM Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Ouabain elicits human glioblastoma cells apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species in ERK-p66SHC-dependent pathway.
Abstract Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been implicated as one of main agents in ouabain-induced anticancer effect. Unfortunately, the signaling pathways under it are not very clarified. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in ouabain-induced ROS generation and cell apoptosis on human U373MG and U87MG glioma cells. Ouabain-induced glioblastoma cells apoptosis and increased ROS generation. Clearance ROS by three different ROS scavenger partly, but not totally, reversed ouabain's effect on cell apoptosis. Ouabain-induced ROS generation was not regulated by ca...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 13, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yan X, Liang F, Li D, Zheng J Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Decreased BMP2 signal in GIT1 knockout mice slows bone healing.
Abstract Endochondral ossification, an important stage of fracture healing, is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily plays important roles and comprises TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth differentiation factors. TGFβs primarily regulate cartilage formation and endochondral ossification. BMP2 shows diverse efficacy, from the formation of skeleton and extraskeletal organs to the osteogenesis and remodeling of bone. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (GIT1), a shuttle protein in osteoblasts, facilitates fracture hea...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - August 20, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sheu TJ, Zhou W, Fan J, Zhou H, Zuscik MJ, Xie C, Yin G, Berk BC Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Taurine prevents high glucose-induced angiopoietin-2/tie-2 system alterations and apoptosis in retinal microvascular pericytes.
Abstract Previously, we confirmed that taurine prevented diabetes-induced apoptosis in retinal glial cells via its anti-oxidation and anti-glutamate excitotoxicity mechanisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of taurine on angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)/Tie-2 system expressions and apoptosis in high glucose-treated retinal microvascular pericytes (RMPs). Also, the possible mechanism involved in the inhibition of taurine on RMPs apoptosis is investigated. The expressions of Ang-2, Tie-2 were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The level of phosphorylated Tie-2 (P-Tie-2) was examined by ELISA. Hoechst 33342 an...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - July 25, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zeng K, Ming J, Yang N, Wang J, Yu X, Song Y, Yang Y Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

P53 induction accompanying G2/M arrest upon knockdown of tumor suppressor HIC1 in U87MG glioma cells.
In this study, we investigated the role of HIC1 in cell cycle and proliferation of glioma cell line U87MG which has wild type p53, in both serum-containing and serum-deprived medium. Microscopic analysis and MTT assay showed reduced cell number and rate of proliferation upon HIC1 knock down compared to control siRNA (p = 0.025) and untreated cells (p = 0.03) in serum-containing medium and serum-free medium (p = 0.014 vs control siRNA; p = 0.018 vs untreated cells). Cell cycle analysis revealed an arrest at G2/M phase of cell cycle with no demonstrable increase in apoptosis with both medium. An increased expression ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - July 4, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kumar S Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

MCPIP1 contributes to the toxicity of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 in HeLa cells by the inhibition of NF-κB.
Abstract Recently, we have shown that the treatment of cells with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 results in the induction of expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1). MCPIP1 is a ribonuclease, responsible for the degradation of transcripts encoding certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. The protein is also known as an inhibitor of NF-κB transcription factor. Thanks to its molecular properties, MCPIP1 is considered as a regulator of inflammation, differentiation, and survival. Using siRNA technology, we show here that MCPIP1 expression contributes to the toxic properties of MG-132 in HeLa ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - July 4, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Skalniak L, Dziendziel M, Jura J Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

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