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Late Breaking Abstract - DCLK1 mediates thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in lung epithelial cells
Airway neutrophilia has been known correlated with asthma severity. Thrombin plays a crucial role in asthma. Thrombin can induce IL-8/CXCL8 expression, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, in lung epithelial cells. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a protein kinase that has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in colon and pancreatic cancer. Here we investigated the role of DCLK1 in thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in human lung epithelial cells. Thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release was attenuated by DCLK1 siRNA or LRKK2-IN-1 (DCLK1 inhibitor) in BEAS-2B and A549 cells. Moreover, thrombin-induced IL-8/...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - November 25, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yuliani, F. S., Chen, J.-Y., Cheng, W.-H., Wen, H.-C., Chen, B.-C., Lin, C.-H. Tags: Allergy and immunology Source Type: research

Oligonucleotides —A Novel Promising Therapeutic Option for IBD
Conclusions In this review, we focused on recent and past approaches to test the therapeutic efficacy of oligonucleotide based therapies in IBD. The combining mechanistic mode of oligonucleotide based therapeutics is a targeted action on specific pro-inflammatory molecules, which are over activated in IBD patients and contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis. The proposed high selectivity of the agents is derived from its mode of action, that aims to specifically block certain inflammatory molecular patterns, without a general systemic effect on other molecular targets. It would be important for each oligonucleot...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Methotrexate selectively targets human proinflammatory macrophages through a thymidylate synthase/p53 axis
Conclusions Macrophage response to MTX is polarisation-dependent and determined by the TS-p53 axis. CCL20 and LIF constitute novel macrophage markers for MTX responsiveness in vitro.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - November 9, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Municio, C., Soler Palacios, B., Estrada-Capetillo, L., Benguria, A., Dopazo, A., Garcia-Lorenzo, E., Fernandez-Arroyo, S., Joven, J., Miranda-Carus, M. E., Gonzalez-Alvaro, I., Puig-Kröger, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Inflammation, Biological agents, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Basic and translational research Source Type: research

Fibulin-5 is a tumour suppressor inhibiting cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer
Conclusions Fibulin-5 is significantly down-regulated in ovarian carcinoma and acts as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - January 21, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Heo, J. H., Song, J.-y., Jeong, J.-y., Kim, G., Kim, T. H., Kang, H., Kwon, A.-y., An, H. J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Gynecological cancer Original article Source Type: research

Exploiting altered patterns of choline kinase-alpha expression on human prostate tissue to prognosticate prostate cancer
Conclusions Increased expression of CHKA, detectable by IHC, is seen in malignant lesions. This relatively simple cost-effective technique (IHC) could complement current diagnostic procedures for prostate cancer and, therefore, warrants further investigation.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - August 18, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Challapalli, A., Trousil, S., Hazell, S., Kozlowski, K., Gudi, M., Aboagye, E. O., Mangar, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Prostate cancer, Urological cancer Original article Source Type: research

S100A4 amplifies TGF-{beta}-induced fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis
Conclusions We characterised S100A4 as a downstream mediator of the stimulatory effects of TGF-β on fibroblasts in SSc. TGF-β induces the expression of S100A4 to stimulate the release of collagen in SSc fibroblasts and induce fibrosis. Since S100A4 is essentially required for the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β and neutralising antibodies against S100A4 are currently evaluated, S100A4 might be a candidate for novel antifibrotic therapies.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - August 10, 2015 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Tomcik, M., Palumbo-Zerr, K., Zerr, P., Avouac, J., Dees, C., Sumova, B., Distler, A., Beyer, C., Cerezo, L. A., Becvar, R., Distler, O., Grigorian, M., Schett, G., Senolt, L., Distler, J. H. W. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Connective tissue disease Basic and translational research Source Type: research

Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death of activated human CD4+ T cells via increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Abstract Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic antioxidant compound, exerts well-known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, the latter which can influence the activation of immune cells including T cells. Furthermore, curcumin can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The beneficial effects of curcumin in diseases such as arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer may be due to its immunomodulatory properties. We studied the potential of curcumin to modulate CD4+ T cells-mediated autoimmune disease, by e...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - February 14, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zheng M, Zhang Q, Joe Y, Lee BH, Ryu DG, Kwon KB, Ryter SW, Chung HT Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research