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Total 180 results found since Jan 2013.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in human health and disease
The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (aaRSs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of enzymes that catalyze the esterification reaction linking a transfer RNA (tRNA) with its cognate amino acid matching the anticodon triplet of the tRNA. Proper functioning of the aaRSs to create aminoacylated (or “charged”) tRNAs is required for efficient and accurate protein synthesis. Beyond their basic canonical function in protein biosynthesis, aaRSs have a surprisingly diverse array of non-canonical functions that are actively being defined. The human genome contains 37 genes that encode unique aaRS proteins. To date, 56 human genetic di...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 18, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Calorie Restriction Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Adck2-Deficient Skeletal Muscle
ADCK2 haploinsufficiency-mediated mitochondrial coenzyme Q deficiency in skeletal muscle causes mitochondrial myopathy associated with defects in beta-oxidation of fatty acids, aged-matched metabolic reprogramming, and defective physical performance. Calorie restriction has proven to increase lifespan and delay the onset of chronic diseases associated to aging. To study the possible treatment by food deprivation, heterozygous Adck2 knockout mice were fed under 40% calorie restriction (CR) and the phenotype was followed for 7 months. The overall glucose and fatty acids metabolism in muscle was restored in mutant mice to WT...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 14, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Beneficial Role of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Heart Disease and Heart Failure Using the Muscle Hypothesis of Chronic Heart Failure and a Growing Literature
Conclusion: In view of the above systematic review, BFRE has been performed safely with no report of adverse event in patients with a variety of different types of HD and in patients with HF. The components of the MHCHF that can be potentially improved with BFRE include left ventricular dysfunction, inflammatory markers, inactivity, a catabolic state, skeletal and possibly respiratory muscle myopathy, dyspnea and fatigue, ANS activity, and peripheral blood flow. Furthermore, investigation of feasibility, acceptability, adherence, adverse effects, and symptoms during and after BFRE is needed since very few studies have exam...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 6, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Factors Affecting Breast Myopathies in Broiler Chickens and Quality of Defective Meat: A Meta-Analysis
In conclusion, our analysis identified breast development as a potential risk factor for WS, while a high growth was the risk factor for WB and SM. A different probability of having WB or SM in females and male was found.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Biochemical and Physicochemical Changes in Spaghetti Meat During Refrigerated Storage of Chicken Breast
This study investigated postmortem muscle protein degradation and myowater properties in broiler breasts afflicted with the Spaghetti Meat (SM) myopathy during 7 days of storage. Severe SM and unaffected (NORM) breast fillets were analyzed at days 0, 3, and 7 postmortem for TD-NMR myowater traits, myofibrillar protein profiles, calpain activity, free calcium, and desmin and troponin-T degradation patterns. Only at day 0, muscle histology, fiber size and sarcomere length were assessed on multiple fillet portions. In SM breasts, the intramyofibrillar water population exhibited longer relaxation times (p = 0.0172) and a lowe...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 15, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Therapeutic Potential of Electromyostimulation (EMS) in Critically Ill Patients —A Systematic Review
Ample evidence exists that intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and invasive ventilation induce a transient or permanent decline in muscle mass and function. The functional deficit is often called ICU-acquired weakness with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and/or myopathy (CIM) being the major underlying causes. Histopathological studies in ICU patients indicate loss of myosin filaments, muscle fiber necrosis, atrophy of both muscle fiber types as well as axonal degeneration. Besides medical prevention of risk factors such as sepsis, hyperglycemia and pneumonia, treatment is limited to early passive and active mobiliza...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 9, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Genotype-Driven Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Case of Different TNNT2 Mutations
Atrial dilation and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common in Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy (HCM) patients and associated with a worsening of prognosis. The pathogenesis of atrial myopathy in HCM remains poorly investigated and no specific association with genotype has been identified. By re-analysis of our cohort of thin-filament HCM patients (Coppini et al. 2014) AF was identified in 10% of patients with sporadic mutations in the cardiac Troponin T gene (TNNT2), while AF occurrence was much higher (25–75%) in patients carrying specific “hot-spot” TNNT2 mutations. To determine the molecular basis of arrhythmia occurrence...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 19, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Impaired microcirculatory function, mitochondrial respiration, and oxygen utilization in skeletal muscle of claudicating patients with peripheral artery disease
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022 Mar 25. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00690.2021. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that impairs blood flow and muscle function in the lower limbs. A skeletal muscle myopathy characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage is present in PAD; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well-established. We investigated the impact of chronic ischemia on skeletal muscle microcirculatory function and its association with leg skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and oxygen delivery and utilization capacity in PAD. Gastrocnem...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - March 25, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Song-Young Park Elizabeth J Pekas Cody P Anderson Tyler N Kambis Paras K Mishra Molly N Schieber TeSean K Wooden Jonathan R Thompson Kyung Soo Kim Iraklis I Pipinos Source Type: research
An Investigation of the Altered Textural Property in Woody Breast Myopathy Using an Integrative Omics Approach
The objective of this study was to investigate the functionality/integrity of WB sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which may contribute to the elevated calcium content observed in WB and other factors that may influence WB texture. Fourteen Ross line broiler PM [7 severe WB and 7 normal (N)] were selected, packaged, and frozen at −20°C at 8 h postmortem from a commercial processing plant. Samples were used to measure pH, sarcomere length, proteolysis, calpain activity, collagenase activity, collagen content, collagen crosslinks density, and connective tissue peak transitional temperature. Exudate was also collected from ea...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 17, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effect of expression of PPARG, DNM2L, RRAD, and LINGO1 on broiler chicken breast muscle satellite cell function
The objective of this study was to determine the expression of the adipogenic genes PPARG, DNM2L, RRAD, and LINGO1 in commercial Ross 708 (708) and Randombred (RBch) satellite cells. RBch satellite cells are from commercial 1995 broilers before WB and 708 broilers are a modern commercial line. In general, expression of these genes was different between the 708 and RBch satellites during proliferation and differentiation. Expression of PPARG and RRAD were both significantly increased during both proliferation and differentiation in the 708 cells (P ≤ 0.05). Knocking down the expression of these genes with small interferin...
Source: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular and integrative physiology. - March 12, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Sandra G Velleman Cynthia S Coy Behnam Abasht Source Type: research
