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Total 5325 results found since Jan 2013.
Cross-protective immunity following coronavirus vaccination and coronavirus infection
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, it is unknown if coronavirus vaccines can also protect against other coronaviruses that may infect humans in the future. Here, we show that coronavirus vaccines elicited cross-protective immune responses against heterologous coronaviruses. In particular, we show that a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) vaccine developed in 2004 and known to protect against SARS-CoV-1 conferred robust heterologous protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Similarly, prior coronavirus infections confe...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - December 15, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Tanushree Dangi, Nicole Palacio, Sarah Sanchez, Mincheol Park, Jacob Class, Lavanya Visvabharathy, Thomas Ciucci, Igor J. Koralnik, Justin M. Richner, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster Source Type: research
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by blocking the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
This study aims to identify natural compounds that could affect the fusion between the vi ral membrane (receptor-binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein) and the human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Accordingly, we performed the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screening of 10 phytochemicals that already showed numerous p ositive effects on human health in several epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Among these phytochemicals, epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenol and a major component of green tea, could effectively inhibit the interaction betwee...
Source: PLoS One - July 13, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Tomokazu Ohishi Source Type: research
Mast cells contribute to coronavirus-induced inflammation: new anti-inflammatory strategy.
Authors: Kritas SK, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Gallenga CE, Ross R, Conti P
Abstract
Coronavirus, which can cause respiratory syndrome, to date has affected over seventeen thousand individuals, especially in China. Coronavirus is interspecies and can also be transmitted from man to man, with an incubation ranging from 1 to 14 days. Human coronavirus infections can induce not only mild to severe respiratory diseases, but also inflammation, high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and dysfunction of internal organs that may lead to death. Coronavirus infection (regardless of the various types of corona virus) ...
Source: Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents - February 7, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: J Biol Regul Homeost Agents Source Type: research
Social Distancing and Transmission-reducing Practices during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease and 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreaks in Korea.
CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest markedly increased proportions of non-pharmaceutical behavioral practices evenly across all subgroups during the two different novel virus outbreaks in Korea. Strategic interventions are needed to attempt based on preventive behavior works.
PMID: 32537955 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science - June 17, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: J Korean Med Sci Source Type: research
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Clinical Overview and Primer.
Authors: Knight TE
Abstract
Following its emergence in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused what rapidly became a global pandemic. The precise origin and subsequent path of transmission have not yet been established-but like the other novel coronaviruses that it closely resembles, it appears to have evolved naturally in a bat host. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ranges from asymptomatic, to mild self-limited illness, to progressive pneumonia, respiratory compromise, multiorgan failure, and death. In additio...
Source: Biopreservation and Biobanking - July 31, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biopreserv Biobank Source Type: research
Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
Authors: Lu H
Abstract
As of January 22, 2020, a total of 571 cases of the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been reported in 25 provinces (districts and cities) in China. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human and animal coronavirus, so that identifying the drug treatment options as soon as possible is critical for the response to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Three general methods, which include existing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs using standard assays, screening of a chemical library containing many existing compounds or databases, and the redevelopment of new specific drugs based on ...
Source: BioScience Trends - February 1, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biosci Trends Source Type: research
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A review of the current evidence.
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (nCoV) spillover event, with its epicenter in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till February 28, 2020, there have been 83,704 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, with 2,859 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 3.41 per cent (95% confidence interval 3.29-3.54%). By this time (February 28, 2020) 58 countries or territories and one international conveyance (Diamond Princess Cruise Ship) were affected. As a part of the glob...
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - January 31, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chatterjee P, Nagi N, Agarwal A, Das B, Banerjee S, Sarkar S, Gupta N, Gangakhedkar RR Tags: Indian J Med Res Source Type: research
Reports 3C-like protease inhibitors block coronavirus replication in vitro and improve survival in MERS-CoV-infected mice
We describe herein the structure-guided optimization of a series of inhibitors of the coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLpro), an enzyme essential for viral replication. The optimized compounds were effective against several human coronaviruses including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in an enzyme assay and in cell-based assays using Huh-7 and Vero E6 cell lines. Two selected compounds showed antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in cultured primary human airway epithelial cells. In a mouse model of MERS-CoV infection, administration of a lead compound 1 day after virus infection increased survival from 0 to 100% and redu...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - August 18, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rathnayake, A. D., Zheng, J., Kim, Y., Perera, K. D., Mackin, S., Meyerholz, D. K., Kashipathy, M. M., Battaile, K. P., Lovell, S., Perlman, S., Groutas, W. C., Chang, K.-O. Tags: Reports Source Type: research
Candidate historical events for the emergence of Human Coronavirus OC43: A critical reassessment of the molecular evidence
by Brandon Shaw, Derek Gatherer
The “Russian Influenza”-coronavirus theory (RICT) proposes that the pandemic of 1889–1892, conventionally regarded as an influenza pandemic, was caused by the emergence of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) as a zoonosis of bovine coronavirus (BCoV). RICT is based on a Bayesian phylogenetic calculation of the date of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of HCoV-OC43 and BCoV. The theory also draws on comparison of both symptoms and some epidemiological parameters of the best studied coronavirus pandemic, i.e. COVID-19, with those reported in 1889–1892. The case is completed with c...
Source: PLoS One - May 8, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Brandon Shaw Source Type: research
Research Articles A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates
We report on the development of a synthetic DNA vaccine against MERS-CoV. An optimized DNA vaccine encoding the MERS spike protein induced potent cellular immunity and antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, macaques, and camels. Vaccinated rhesus macaques seroconverted rapidly and exhibited high levels of virus-neutralizing activity. Upon MERS viral challenge, all of the monkeys in the control-vaccinated group developed characteristic disease, including pneumonia. Vaccinated macaques were protected and failed to demonstrate any clinical or radiographic signs of pneumonia. These studies demonstrate that a consens...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - August 19, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Muthumani, K., Falzarano, D., Reuschel, E. L., Tingey, C., Flingai, S., Villarreal, D. O., Wise, M., Patel, A., Izmirly, A., Aljuaid, A., Seliga, A. M., Soule, G., Morrow, M., Kraynyak, K. A., Khan, A. S., Scott, D. P., Feldmann, F., LaCasse, R., Meade-Wh Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Immune environment modulation in pneumonia patients caused by coronavirus: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
In this study, we have highlighted the key cytokines induced by coronavirus infections. We have demonstrated that genes coding interleukins (Il-1α, Il-1β, Il-6, Il-10), chemokine (Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl5, Ccl10), and interferon (Ifn-α2, Ifn-β1, Ifn2) upsurge significantly which in line with the elevated infiltration of T cells, NK cells and monocytes in SARS-Cov treated group at 24 hours. Also, interleukins (IL-6, IL-23α, IL-10, IL-7, IL-1α, IL-1β) and interferon (IFN-α2, IFN2, IFN-γ) have increased dramatically in MERS-Cov at 24 hours. A similar cytokine profile showed the cytokine storm served a critical role in the in...
Source: Aging - May 1, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yao Z, Zheng Z, Wu K, Junhua Z Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research
Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy amongst symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India: Protocol for restricted public health emergency use.
Abstract
As of February 29, 2020, more than 85,000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported from China and 53 other countries with 2,924 deaths. On January 30, 2020, the first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID was reported from Kerala, India. In view of the earlier evidence about effectiveness of repurposed lopinavir/ritonavir against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV), as well as preliminary docking studies conducted by the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization approved ...
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - January 31, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Bhatnagar T, Murhekar MV, Soneja M, Gupta N, Giri S, Wig N, Gangakhedkar R Tags: Indian J Med Res Source Type: research
Perspectives of Immune Therapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Authors: Gasparyan AY, Misra DP, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O
Abstract
The global fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely based on strategies to boost immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent its severe course and complications. The human defence may include antibodies which interact with SARS-CoV-2 and neutralize its aggressive actions on multiple organ systems. Protective cross-reactivity of antibodies against measles and other known viral infections has been postulated, primarily as a result of the initial observations of asymptomatic and mild CO...
Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science - May 9, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: J Korean Med Sci Source Type: research
Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at different ages.
CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms of the elderly patients were more atypical, with more comorbidities, secondary infection, organ injuries, immune dysfunction and a higher risk of critical illness. Older age was an important risk factor for mortality.
METHODS: 1000 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 from January 1, 2020 to February 14, 2020 were enrolled. According to age, patients were divided into group 1 (<60 years old), group 2 (60-74 years old) and group 3 (≥75 years old). The clinical symptoms, first laboratory results, CT findings, organ injuries, disease severity and mortality were analyzed.
PM...
Source: Aging - June 3, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhao M, Wang M, Zhang J, Gu J, Zhang P, Xu Y, Ye J, Wang Z, Ye D, Pan W, Shen B, He H, Liu M, Liu M, Luo Z, Li D, Liu J, Wan J Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research
Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 are independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Appropriate assessment of prognostic factors and close monitoring to provide the necessary interventions at the appropriate time in high-risk patients may reduce the case fatality rate of COVID-19.
PMID: 32537954 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science - June 17, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: J Korean Med Sci Source Type: research
