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It is all about the insects: a retrospective on 20  years of forensic entomology highlights the importance of insects in legal investigations
This study highlights the importance of insect evidence by evaluating 949 insect-associated cases, including 139 entomological reports, from 2001 to 2019 at the Institute of Legal Medicine Frankfurt/Germany. With a high number of cases in the summer months and a low number in the colder season, 78.5% of the bodies were found indoors, regardless of year or month. In more than 80% of the cases, where PMI information was available (n  = 704), the presumed PMI ranged from 1 to 21 days, a period during which entomological evidence can provide a day-specific estimate of PMImin. In cases where insects have been identified to...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective
AbstractIn Autumn 2011, nonspecific clinical signs of pyrexia, diarrhoea, and drop in milk yield were observed in dairy cattle near the German town of Schmallenberg at the Dutch/German border. Targeted veterinary diagnostic investigations for classical endemic and emerging viruses could not identify a causal agent. Blood samples were collected from animals with clinical signs and subjected to metagenomic analysis; a novel orthobunyavirus was identified and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). In late 2011/early 2012, an epidemic of abortions and congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids, characterised by arthrogr...
Source: Irish Veterinary Journal - October 8, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

The Transcriptome of the Salivary Glands of Amblyomma aureolatum Reveals the Antimicrobial Peptide Microplusin as an Important Factor for the Tick Protection Against Rickettsia rickettsii Infection
Conclusion In conclusion, our data show that R. rickettsii exerts a modulatory effect on the transcriptional profile the SG of A. aureolatum. Moreover, RNAi experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of one microplusin increases the susceptibility of ticks to infection, suggesting that this is one important factor for the control of R. rickettsii. The functional characterization of the additional CDSs modulated by infection is warranted and might reveal other factors that interfere with the acquisition and/or transmission of this tick-borne pathogen. Ethics Statement All procedures involving vertebrate animals were car...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 2, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Amino Acid Utilization May Explain Why Bemisia tabaci Q and B Differ in Their Performance on Plants Infected by the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Discussion Research has shown that vectored viruses can alter host plant phenotypes so as to change interactions with other organisms, including interactions between plants, viruses, and insect vectors of viruses (Mauck et al., 2012, 2018; Casteel and Falk, 2016; Eigenbrode and Bosque-Perez, 2016; Mauck, 2016). Insect-vectored viruses can alter many host plant factors, including odors, induced defenses, visual and tactile characteristics, sugars, free amino acids, and secondary metabolites (Bosque-Perez and Eigenbrode, 2011; Casteel et al., 2014; Mauck et al., 2014a,b). In our study, TYLCV significantly altered the free a...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 30, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases the Potency of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer ’s Disease-Like Complications of Diabetes
Conclusion In the present study, we demonstrated that sEHI alleviates cognitive and memory impairment associated with diabetes-induced Alzheimer-like complication. The positive effect of sEHI TPPU on memory was associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain with a parallel decrease in the mRNA level of APP and activity of AChE. The DHA potentiated the effect of TPPU. Edaravone at a higher dose also alleviated memory impairment via decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Author Contributions RP, MA, SA, ML, and SG planned the experiments. RP, NB, KG, MA, and SA performed the experimen...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Environmental factors influencing flight activity of forensically important female blow flies in Central Europe
AbstractIn forensic entomology, evaluation of a possible delay between a person ’s death and insect colonization is crucial. We monitored the seasonal flight activities of the most abundant blow flies in an urban habitat in Frankfurt/Germany based on 152 sampling days between April and October 2017. Thirty-six thousand female specimens of 12 necrophagous taxa were sampled as a possible groundwork for establishing a prediction tool for the activity of certain forensically relevant taxa. The most abundant taxon wasLucilia sericata (n = 19,544), followed byLucilia caesar (n = 8025),Calliphora vicina (n = 5224), ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 27, 2018 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Mosquito bloodmeal preferences in two zoological gardens in Germany
The analysis of bloodmeals in mosquitoes collected in two zoological gardens in Germany revealed 56 host species, mainly representing mammals of the zoo animal population. These results indicate opportunistic feeding patterns with low host ‐specificity in the analysed mosquitoes. According to their bloodmeals, mosquitoes could be grouped into ‘amphibian‐’, ‘non‐human mammal‐’ and ‘non‐human mammal and human‐’ feeding species. AbstractBecause they provide a high density and diversity of vertebrate species, small water pools and shaded environments, zoological gardens offer ideal living conditions for...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 25, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. C. Heym, H. Kampen, M. Sch äfer, D. Walther Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Veterinary parasitology teaching – Ten years of experience with the Vetsuisse curriculum
Publication date: 15 March 2018 Source:Veterinary Parasitology, Volume 252 Author(s): Manuela Schnyder, Hubertus Hertzberg, Alexander Mathis, Marietta Schönmann, Adrian Hehl, Peter Deplazes Pursuant to the Joint Declaration by 29 European education ministers in June 1999 in the city of Bologna, Italy, the so-called ‘Bologna Process’ was officially introduced at the Vetsuisse Faculty (Universities of Zurich and Berne) in Switzerland in 2007. The long-term goal of restructuring the study programmes was to create a common European Higher Education Area (EHEA), with uniform and clearly defined standards for degrees (“d...
Source: Veterinary Parasitology - March 18, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Veterinary parasitology teaching: Ten years of experience with the Vetsuisse curriculum
Publication date: Available online 1 February 2018 Source:Veterinary Parasitology Author(s): Manuela Schnyder, Hubertus Hertzberg, Alexander Mathis, Marietta Schönmann, Adrian Hehl, Peter Deplazes Pursuant to the Joint Declaration by 29 European education ministers in June 1999 in the city of Bologna, Italy, the so-called ‘Bologna Process’ was officially introduced at the Vetsuisse Faculty (Universities of Zurich and Berne) in Switzerland in 2007. The long-term goal of restructuring the study programmes was to create a common European Higher Education Area (EHEA), with uniform and clearly defined standards for degree...
Source: Veterinary Parasitology - February 2, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Species diversity and tissue specific dispersal of necrophagous Diptera on human bodies
AbstractIn forensic entomology, many studies analyze fly activity and succession on dead bodies by using pig cadavers and a variety of small baited traps. Data on real human bodies are very rare. To address this shortcoming, we analyzed the fly fauna of 51 human bodies in Germany. Sex, age, place of discovery, and presumed time of death were noted. Larvae were sampled during autopsy according to body region or tissue. For every infested region, the total number of fly larvae were estimated and classified into categories of 1 –10, 11–50, and 50+. All samples were identified to the species level. Besides a descriptive an...
Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology - January 18, 2018 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Culex torrentium mosquitoes from Germany are negative for Wolbachia
Medical and Veterinary Entomology,Volume 32, Issue 1, Page 115-120, March 2018.
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 14, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Distribution of individual members of the mosquito Anopheles maculipennis complex in Germany identified by newly developed real‐time PCR assays
Abstract Owing to their role as vectors of malaria parasites, species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Meigen were intensively studied in the past, but with the disappearance of malaria in Germany in the middle of the last century, the interest in this field of research declined. A comprehensive ecological analysis of the current species distribution for Germany is lacking. Between 2010 and 2013, a total of 1445 mosquitoes of the An. maculipennis complex were collected at 72 different sites in Germany. The samples comprise 722 single individuals as well as 723 individuals in 90 pools of up to 25 m...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - January 20, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: R. Lühken, C. Czajka, S. Steinke, H. Jöst, J. Schmidt‐Chanasit, W. Pfitzner, N. Becker, E. Kiel, A. Krüger, E. Tannich Tags: Original Article Source Type: research