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Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 1533: Modern Radiotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors
ock Cancer is a leading cause of death in children with tumors of the central nervous system, the most commonly encountered solid malignancies in this population. Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral part of managing brain tumors, with excellent long-term survival overall. The tumor histology will dictate the volume of tissue requiring treatment and the dose. However, radiation in developing children can yield functional deficits and/or cosmetic defects and carries a risk of second tumors. In particular, children receiving RT are at risk for neurocognitive effects, neuroendocrine dysfunction, hearing loss, vascular anomali...
Source: Cancers - June 10, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nicholas J. DeNunzio Torunn I. Yock Tags: Review Source Type: research

Immune checkpoint inhibition for pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory CNS tumors: a single institution experience
ConclusionImmune checkpoint inhibition was relatively well tolerated in a cohort of pediatric patients spanning several CNS tumor diagnoses. Results from prospective clinical trials will be critical to inform clinical decisions.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - July 4, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Radiotherapy Using Life Cycle Assessments: A Critical Review
CONCLUSION: This critical review of LCA protocol provides and evaluates a methodological framework to scientifically establish baseline environmental performance measurements within a healthcare setting, and assists in identifying targets for emissions mitigation. Future LCAs in the field of radiation oncology and across medical specialties will be crucial in informing best-practices for equitable and sustainable care in a changing climate.PMID:37172916 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.04.036
Source: Health Physics - May 12, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Katie E Lichter Kiley Charbonneau Ali Sabbagh Alon Witztum Rob Chuter Chirjiv Anand Cassandra L Thiel Osama Mohamad Source Type: research

Outpatient management of vascular access devices in children receiving radiotherapy: Complications and morbidity
ConclusionsIn the outpatient delivery of RT to children, indwelling ports provide greater convenience, less likelihood of infection or complication, and greater durability than PICC or CVC devices. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - August 17, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jennifer Bratton, Peter A.S. Johnstone, Kevin P. McMullen Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Optimizing the radiation therapy dose prescription for pediatric medulloblastoma: Minimizing the life years lost attributable to failure to control the disease and late complication risk.
Conclusions. Optimization of RT prescription strategies considering both late complications and the risk of recurrence, an all-cause mortality dose painting approach, was demonstrated. The risk-adapted techniques compared favorably to the standard, and although in this context, the gain is small compared to estimated uncertainty, this study demonstrates a framework for all-cause mortality risk estimation, rather than evaluates direct clinical applicability of risk-adapted strategies. PMID: 24274390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Oncologica - November 25, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brodin NP, Vogelius IR, Björk-Eriksson T, Munck Af Rosenschöld P, Maraldo MV, Aznar MC, Specht L, Bentzen SM Tags: Acta Oncol Source Type: research

PHITS simulations of absorbed dose out-of-field and neutron energy spectra for ELEKTA SL25 medical linear accelerator.
In this study, we developed a model of an ELEKTA SL25 accelerator and used the transport code PHITS for calculating the total absorbed dose and the neutron energy spectra infield and outside the treatment field. This model was validated against measurements performed with bubble detector spectrometers and Boner sphere for 18 MV linacs, including both photons and neutrons. The average absolute difference between the calculated and measured absorbed dose for the out-of-field region was around 11%. Taking into account a simplification for simulated geometry, which does not include any potential scattering materials around, ...
Source: Physics in Medicine and Biology - June 11, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Puchalska M, Sihver L Tags: Phys Med Biol Source Type: research

Factors associated with event reporting in the pediatric radiation oncology population using an electronic incident reporting system
Conclusions An incident reporting system is a widely used part of the safety culture at our institution, which treats one of the largest pediatric patient volumes in North America. Most pediatric CRS-reported events are of minor severity. Longer treatment course and use of new and complex technologies appear to increase the likelihood of a CRS event within the pediatric population, which supports the need for increased safety processes when new techniques are initiated.
Source: Practical Radiation Oncology - July 27, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Study Aims to Resolve How To Manage Pre-Cancers of the Breast
This study will provide so many answers to questions that are critical to resolve,” Hwang said. “One of the key features is the assessment of patient-reported outcomes with each approach, as we believe how patients view their disease and their care must be central to any advances in cancer treatment.” The funding award for the DCIS study has been approved pending completion of a business and programmatic review by PCORI staff and issuance of a formal award contract. PHOTO: Shelley Hwang, M.D., Duke Cancer Institute and Duke Department of Surgery. CREDIT: Duke Health.
Source: DukeHealth.org: Duke Health Features - February 4, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Duke Medicine Source Type: news

Pediatric brain tumors: An analysis of 5 years of data from a tertiary cancer care center, India
CONCLUSIONS: This is the second study from Tamil Nadu that deals with epidemiology of brain tumors. Multimodality management including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remains the cornerstone in the management of pediatric brain tumors.
Source: Indian Journal of Cancer - April 21, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: R Madhavan BP Kannabiran AM Nithya J Kani P Balasubramaniam S Shanmugakumar Source Type: research

Rising and Shining in the Pediatric Day Hospital
The procedure room is designated treatment area in the outpatient Pediatric Day Hospital (PDH). The pediatric heme/onc RNs in this area had no prior specific training in pre and post anesthesia care. These nurses provide care pre, during, and post procedures that require anesthesia and work collaboratively with the anesthesiologist and support staff both on the platform and off-site for scans. These procedures include bone marrow aspirations and biopsies, placement of central venous catheters, lumbar punctures, removal of tunneled catheters and mediports, scans that require anesthesia, radiation therapy, wound care, minor ...
Source: Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing - July 23, 2017 Category: Nursing Authors: Aimee Dannaoui, Rachel Bright, Caitlin Gillen, Tara O ’Neill Tags: ASPAN National Conference Abstract Source Type: research

Salivary and Dental Complications in Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated With Radiation Therapy to the Head and Neck: A Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) Comprehensive Review
Radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck (H&N) region is critical in the management of various pediatric malignancies; however, it may result in late toxicity. This comprehensive review from the Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) initiative focused on salivary dysfunction and dental abnormalities in survivors who received RT to the H&N region as children.
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - May 29, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Sarah A. Milgrom, Peter van Luijk, Ramiro Pino, Cecile M. Ronckers, Leontien C. Kremer, Paul W. Gidley, David R. Grosshans, Siddhartha Laskar, M. Fatih Okcu, Louis S. Constine, Arnold C. Paulino Tags: Clinical Investigation Source Type: research

The function of adrenal glands in children and adolescents during and after oncological treatment
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2022 Sep 22:47553. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2022.118319. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this work was to present the current state of knowledge on the effects of frequently used therapeutic forms, selected pharmacotherapy (including glucocorticosteroids, immune checkpoint inhibitors, mitotane, metyrapone, aminoglutetimide, etomidate, ketoconazole, fluconazole), but also radiation therapy on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adolescent during and after oncological treatment. The most common pediatric cancers, where complications of adrenal in...
Source: Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism - September 22, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Barbara Hull Anna Wedrychowicz Source Type: research