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Nutrition: Carbohydrates
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Are menstrual disorders in adolescent girls related to metabolic disorders?
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent girls with menstrual disorders are insulin resistant, regardless of PCOS diagnosis. The severity of menstrual disorders may be related to the incidence of lipid disorders in adolescent girls.PMID:37728458 | PMC:PMC10411084 | DOI:10.5114/pedm.2023.125364
Source: Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism - September 20, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: El żbieta Foryś Adrianna Baran Aleksandra Dziurdzia Ewelina Jarosz-W ójcik Pawe ł Matusik Aneta Gawlik Ryszard Tomaszewski Agnieszka Zachurzok Source Type: research
Iodine-triphenylphosphine triggers an easy one-pot alpha stereoselective dehydrative glycosylation on hemiacetalic benzylated glycosyl donors
Carbohydr Res. 2023 Sep 16;533:108944. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108944. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe discovery of new glycosylation reactions is still a major challenge in carbohydrate chemistry. Traditional glycosylation reactions require the preparation of sugar donors with anomeric active or latent leaving groups. Dehydrative glycosylation is a fascinating alternative that enables the direct formation of the glycosidic bond from the hemiacetal, eliminating the need for (sometimes unstable) leaving groups, and allowing to reduce reaction, work-up, and purification times. Although some interesting methods of dehydr...
Source: Carbohydrate Research - September 20, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Daniela Imperio Marco Brentazzoli Filippo Valloni Alberto Minassi Luigi Panza Source Type: research
Is the Altman Rule a proxy for glycemic load?
J Fam Pract. 2023 Sep;72(7):286-291. doi: 10.12788/jfp.0656.ABSTRACTThe evidence supports patient use of this simple equation to evaluate the nutrition labels of packaged carbohydrate foods in the grocery aisle in order to make healthier decisions.PMID:37729141 | DOI:10.12788/jfp.0656
Source: The Journal of Family Practice - September 20, 2023 Category: Practice Management Authors: Kimberly R Dong Sarah Eustis Kerri Hawkins Wayne Altman Source Type: research
Comparative genomic analysis of < em > Periweissella < /em > and the characterization of novel motile species
This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationship between Periweissella and the two closest genera, Weissella and Furfurilactobacillus, by the phylogenetic analysis and calculation of (core gene) pairwise average amino acid identity. Targeted genomic analysis showed that fructose bisphosphate aldolase was only present in the genome of Pw. cryptocerci. Mannitol dehydrogenase was found in genomes of Pw. beninensis, Pw. fabaria, and Pw. fabalis. Untargeted genomic analysis identified the presence of flagellar genes in Periweissella but not in other closely related genera. Phenotypes related to carbohydrate fermentat...
Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology - September 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nanzhen Qiao Julia Bechtner Margo Cnockaert Eliza Depoorter Christian D íaz-Muñoz Peter Vandamme Luc De Vuyst Michael G G änzle Source Type: research
Meal sugar-protein balance determines postprandial FGF21 response in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 20. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00241.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBiological mechanisms that regulate dietary balance remain unclear. FGF21 is suggested to contribute to such potential regulation considering that FGF21 1) is genetically associated with carbohydrate/sugar and protein intake in opposite directions, 2) is secreted after sugar ingestion and protein restriction, and 3) pharmacologically reduces sugar and increases protein intake in rodents. To gain insight of the nature of this potential regulation, we aimed to study macronutrient interactions in the secretory regulation...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Stina Ramne Lisanne Duizer Mette S Nielsen Niklas Rye J ørgensen Jens S Svenningsen Niels Grarup Anders Sj ödin Anne Raben Matthew P Gillum Source Type: research
A galectin-9 involved in the microbial recognition and haemocyte autophagy in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Dev Comp Immunol. 2023 Sep 18:105063. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105063. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGalectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type member of galectin family participating in various immune responses, such as cell agglutination, phagocytosis, and autophagy. In the present study, a tandem repeat galectin-9 (defined as CgGal-9) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which consisted of two conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) joined by a linker peptide. CgGal-9 was closely clustered with CaGal-9 from C. angulata, and they were assigned into the branch of invertebrate galectin-9s in the phylogene...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - September 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qian Yang Jiejie Sun Wei Wu Zhen Xing Xiaoxue Yan Xiaoqian Lv Lingling Wang Linsheng Song Source Type: research
Meal sugar-protein balance determines postprandial FGF21 response in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 20. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00241.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBiological mechanisms that regulate dietary balance remain unclear. FGF21 is suggested to contribute to such potential regulation considering that FGF21 1) is genetically associated with carbohydrate/sugar and protein intake in opposite directions, 2) is secreted after sugar ingestion and protein restriction, and 3) pharmacologically reduces sugar and increases protein intake in rodents. To gain insight of the nature of this potential regulation, we aimed to study macronutrient interactions in the secretory regulation...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - September 20, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Stina Ramne Lisanne Duizer Mette S Nielsen Niklas Rye J ørgensen Jens S Svenningsen Niels Grarup Anders Sj ödin Anne Raben Matthew P Gillum Source Type: research
Charting the solid-state NMR signals of polysaccharides: A database-driven roadmap
Magn Reson Chem. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1002/mrc.5397. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSolid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements of intact cell walls and cellular samples often generate spectra that are difficult to interpret due to the presence of many coexisting glycans and the structural polymorphism observed in native conditions. To overcome this analytical challenge, we present a statistical approach for analyzing carbohydrate signals using high-resolution ssNMR data indexed in a carbohydrate database. We generate simulated spectra to demonstrate the chemical shift dispersion and compare this with experi...
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC - September 19, 2023 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wancheng Zhao Debkumar Debnath Isha Gautam Liyanage D Fernando Tuo Wang Source Type: research
High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Monoester Supplements Differentially Affect Substrate Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fue...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee M Margolis Stefan M Pasiakos Emily E Howard Source Type: research
Polysaccharide-Based Double-Network Hydrogels: Polysaccharide Effect, Strengthening Mechanisms, and Applications
Biomacromolecules. 2023 Sep 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00765. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPolysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers that are major components of plants, animals, and microorganisms, with unique properties. Biological hydrogels are polymeric networks that imbibe and retain large amounts of water and are the major components of living organisms. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are critical for their functionality and applications. Since synthetic polymeric double-network (DN) hydrogels possess unique network structures with high and tunable mechanical properties, many natural functional polysaccha...
Source: Biomacromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pengguang Wang Qingyu Liao Hongbin Zhang Source Type: research
Structural elucidation and physicochemical properties of litchi polysaccharide with the promoting effect on exopolysaccharide production by Weissella confusa
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 16:126944. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126944. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExopolysaccharide (EPS), as a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, has been commonly used in the dairy industry to replace the traditional stabilizers. However, the EPS production by microorganism is generally low, which limits its application. A litchi polysaccharide (Lzp2-2) with the promoting effect on EPS production by Weissella confusa was purified. The SEM and FT-IR analysis indicated that Lzp2-2 displayed a compact netlike structure and typical bands of carbohydrates. The structure of Lzp2-2 was further elu...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Teng-Gen Hu Feng-Xiang Tan Lu Li Ke-Jing An Bo Zou Jing Wen Ji-Jun Wu Geng-Sheng Xiao Yuan-Shan Yu Yu-Juan Xu Source Type: research
High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Monoester Supplements Differentially Affect Substrate Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fue...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee M Margolis Stefan M Pasiakos Emily E Howard Source Type: research
Structural variations of lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes from the fruit shells of Camellia oleifera during ripening
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 16:126946. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126946. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCamellia oleifera fruit shell (CFS), a waste lignocellulosic biomass resulting from Camellia oleifera oil production industry, is abundantly available in Southern China. Herein, to understand the structural variations of CFS lignins and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) during ripening, the native lignin and LCC fractions from CFS (harvested every seven days from October 1 to 30, 2022) were isolated and characterized systematically. The molecular weights of both MWL and DEL fractions steadily increased during ripen...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xichuang Cheng Ruxia Ning Pengfei Li Fenglun Zhang Kun Wang Jianxin Jiang Source Type: research
High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Monoester Supplements Differentially Affect Substrate Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fue...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee M Margolis Stefan M Pasiakos Emily E Howard Source Type: research
Polysaccharide-Based Double-Network Hydrogels: Polysaccharide Effect, Strengthening Mechanisms, and Applications
Biomacromolecules. 2023 Sep 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00765. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPolysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers that are major components of plants, animals, and microorganisms, with unique properties. Biological hydrogels are polymeric networks that imbibe and retain large amounts of water and are the major components of living organisms. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are critical for their functionality and applications. Since synthetic polymeric double-network (DN) hydrogels possess unique network structures with high and tunable mechanical properties, many natural functional polysaccha...
Source: Biomacromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pengguang Wang Qingyu Liao Hongbin Zhang Source Type: research
