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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 16431 results found since Jan 2013.

Primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing P. falciparum transmission.
CONCLUSIONS: In individual patients, PQ added to malaria treatments reduces gametocyte prevalence when given in doses greater than 0.4 mg/kg. Whether this translates into preventing people transmitting malaria to mosquitoes has rarely been tested in controlled trials, but there appeared to be a strong reduction in infectiousness in the two small studies that evaluated this. No included trials evaluated whether this policy has an impact on community malaria transmission either in low-endemic settings approaching elimination, or in highly-endemic settings where many people are infected but have no symptoms and are unlikely t...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 3, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Graves PM, Gelband H, Garner P Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma.
CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence from one trial that face washing combined with topical tetracycline may be effective in reducing severe active trachoma and in increasing the prevalence of clean faces at one year follow-up. Current evidence is inconclusive as to the effectiveness of face washing alone or in combination with topical tetracycline in reducing active or severe trachoma. PMID: 25697765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 20, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Ejere HO, Alhassan MB, Rabiu M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

SciELO and LILACS - a way into the Latin American literature
SciELO and LILACS are databases covering literature from Latin America and the Caribbean, and in the case of SciELO, other places.   It will include material that Medline, Embase and other “usual” sources miss.  I have seen both mentioned as sources searched for systematic reviews.   In addition to that, of course, they will be useful if you have an interest in those parts of the world or health issues endemic there.SciELO SciELO (“Scientific Electronic Library Online”) is a database of open access journal articles published in Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain, Portugal and South Africa....
Source: Browsing - February 27, 2015 Category: Databases & Libraries Tags: Caribbean Latin America literature searching Portugal South Africa Spain Source Type: blogs

Schistosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a literature review
Schistosomiasis is a poverty-related parasitic infection, leading to chronic ill-health. For more than a century, schistosomiasis has been known to be endemic in certain provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, a clear overview on the status of the disease within the country is currently lacking, which is seriously hampering control. Here, we review the available information on schistosomiasis in DRC of the past 60 years. Findings and data gaps are discussed in the perspective of upcoming control activities.An electronic literature search via PubMed complemented by manual search of non-peer-reviewed ar...
Source: Parasites and Vectors - November 19, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Joule MadingaSylvie LinsukeLiliane MpabanziLynn MeursKirezi KanobanaNiko SpeybroeckPascal LutumbaKatja Polman Source Type: research

Doxycycline plus ivermectin versus ivermectin alone for treatment of patients with onchocerciasis.
CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence on the effectiveness of doxycycline plus ivermectin compared with ivermectin alone in preventing and treating onchocerciasis is unclear. Limited evidence of very low quality from two studies indicates that a six-week course of doxycycline followed by ivermectin may result in more frequent macrofilaricidal and microfilaricidal activity and sterilization of female adult Onchocerca compared with ivermectin alone; however, effects on vision-related outcomes are uncertain. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of treatments in preventing visual acuity and visual field loss and their ef...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 15, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Abegunde AT, Ahuja RM, Okafor NJ Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Vericred Offers Industry First Provider-Network Notification Service (Interview)
When providers transition amongst coverage networks, the results can be unexpected out-of-network bills to patients and an administrative burden on healthcare businesses managing coverage. Representing an important step forward in the trend toward...
Source: Medgadget - June 9, 2017 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Michael Batista Tags: Exclusive Source Type: blogs

Levels and Determinants of DDT and DDE Exposure in the VHEMBE Cohort
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that several intervention approaches may reduce DDT/DDE exposure in pregnant women living in IRS communities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP353 Received: 01 May 2016 Revised: 19 December 2016 Accepted: 19 January 2017 Published: 07 July 2017 Address correspondence to B. Eskenazi, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health. 1995 University Ave., Suite 265. Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. Email: eskenazi@berkeley.edu Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP353). The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. Note t...
Source: EHP Research - July 7, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
CONCLUSIONS: There was very low-certainty evidence to support the effectiveness of itraconazole and paromomycin ointment for OWCL in terms of cure (i.e. microbiological or histopathological cure and percentage of participants completely cured). Both of these interventions incited more adverse effects, which were mild in nature, than their comparisons, but we could draw no conclusions regarding safety due to the very low certainty of the evidence for this outcome.We downgraded the key outcomes in these two comparisons due to high risk of bias, inconsistency between the results, and imprecision. There is a need for large, we...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 17, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Heras-Mosteiro J, Monge-Maillo B, Pinart M, Lopez Pereira P, Garcia-Carrasco E, Campuzano Cuadrado P, Royuela A, Mendez Roman I, López-Vélez R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

The First Outbreak of Autochthonous Zika Virus in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
Conclusions Surveillance, risk assessment, and intervention were strengthened throughout Malaysia in response to the 2016 outbreak of ZIKV in neighboring Singapore. The Malaysian Ministry of Health undertook regular surveillance from June 2015 during the South American outbreak, but no ZIKV was detected in 784 samples tested up to August 2016 (https://kpkesihatan.com/2016/08/28/kenyataan-akhbar-kpk-28-ogos-2016-situasi-terkini-virus-zika-di-malaysia/). However, during the peak of the 2016 Singapore ZIKV outbreak from September through December 2016, eight out of 849 samples tested were positive for ZIKV (https://kpkesiha...
Source: PLOS Currents Outbreaks - May 1, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Jiloris Julian Frederick Dony Source Type: research

Efficacy of praziquantel treatment regimens in pre-school and school aged children infected with schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
ConclusionsA repeated standard dose of 40 mg/kg achieved satisfactory efficacy compared to a single dose against both parasite species. However, findings on efficacy of repeated doses in co-infection ofS. mansoni andS. haematobium were not conclusive. Praziquantel administrated at 60 mg/kg was slightly more efficacious than the 40 mg/kg standard dose. Minor and transitory side-effects were reported for both regimens. The review indicates that further investigations are necessary to conclusively determine efficacy of praziquantel on coinfection ofS. haematobium andS. mansoni to formulate concrete guidelines on the use of re...
Source: Infectious Diseases of Poverty - July 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Drugs for treating Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease).
CONCLUSIONS: While the antibiotic combination treatments evaluated appear to be effective, we found insufficient evidence showing that any particular drug is more effective than another. How different sizes, lesions, and stages of the disease may contribute to healing and which kind of lesions are in need of surgery are unclear based on the included studies. Guideline development needs to consider these factors in designing practical treatment regimens. Forthcoming trials using clarithromycin with rifampicin and other trials of new regimens that also address these factors will help to identify the best regimens. PMID:...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 23, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Yotsu RR, Richardson M, Ishii N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Fight Aging! Newsletter, January 28th 2019
In this study, we show that calorie restriction is protective against age-related increases in senescence and microglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in an animal model of aging. Further, these protective effects mitigated age-related decline in neuroblast and neuronal production, and enhanced olfactory memory performance, a behavioral index of neurogenesis in the SVZ. Our results support the concept that calorie restriction might be an effective anti-aging intervention in the context of healthy brain aging. Greater Modest Activity in Late Life Correlates with Lower Incidence of Dementia ...
Source: Fight Aging! - January 27, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs

Environmental and Clinical Strains of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 From Germany Possess Similar Virulence Gene Profiles
Conclusion The aim of our study was to determine if STs and virulence gene profiles of clinical and environmental V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains originating from German coastal waters may be correlated and could be usable for a risk assessment of individual strains. The result of this study reveals that – given on the current knowledge about the potential pathogenicity of these strains – no such correlation is found. The MLST shows a high diversity of the bacteria, whereas a basic equipment with virulence genes is very similar between all strains. Due to horizontal gene transfer, in some strains the nu...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants.
CONCLUSIONS: In areas of sub-Saharan Africa, giving antimalarial drugs known to be effective against the malaria parasite at the time to infants as IPT probably reduces the risk of clinical malaria, anaemia, and hospital admission. Evidence from SP studies over a 19-year period shows declining efficacy, which may be due to increasing drug resistance. Combinations with ACTs appear promising as suitable alternatives for IPTi. 2 December 2019 Up to date All studies incorporated from most recent search All eligible published studies found in the last search (3 Dec, 2018) were included. PMID: 31792925 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 1, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Esu EB, Oringanje C, Meremikwu MM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research