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Total 1790 results found since Jan 2013.

The impact of detoxifying and repair gene polymorphisms on oxidative stress in ischemic stroke
Abstract Stroke is a multifactorial disease caused by the combination of certain risk factors and genetic factors. There are possible risk factors having important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. The most important environmental factors are cigarette smoking and oxidative stress which have different sources. GST (M1, T1, P1) have major roles in detoxification of the products of oxidative stress and they are polymorphic. DNA damages can also be repaired by repair enzymes such as OGG1 and XRCC1 which are highly polymorphic and have pivotal roles in repair systems. In the present study, we investigated that polym...
Source: Neurological Sciences - March 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Functions and Mechanisms of Microglia/Macrophages in Neuroinflammation and Neurogenesis during Stroke
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2016 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Xiao-Yi Xiong, Liang Liu, Qing-Wu Yang Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells involved in the defence against brain damage. Their morphology and functional changes are correlated with the release of danger signals induced by stroke. These cells are normally responsible for clearing away dead neural cells and restoring neuronal functions. However, when excessively activated by the damage-associated molecular patterns following stroke, they can produce a large number of proinflammatory cytokines that can disrupt neural cel...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - May 7, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Functions and mechanisms of microglia/macrophages in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis after stroke
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2016 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Xiao-Yi Xiong, Liang Liu, Qing-Wu Yang Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells involved in the defence against brain damage. Their morphology and functional changes are correlated with the release of danger signals induced by stroke. These cells are normally responsible for clearing away dead neural cells and restoring neuronal functions. However, when excessively activated by the damage-associated molecular patterns following stroke, they can produce a large number of proinflammatory cytokines that can disrupt neural cel...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - June 2, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Improving Motor Corticothalamic Communication After Stroke Using Real-Time fMRI Connectivity-Based Neurofeedback
Conclusions. Our results document for the first time the feasibility and safety for patients with chronic stroke and severe motor impairment to self-regulate and augment ipsilesional cortico-subcortical connectivity through neurofeedback using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Liew, S.-L., Rana, M., Cornelsen, S., Fortunato de Barros Filho, M., Birbaumer, N., Sitaram, R., Cohen, L. G., Soekadar, S. R. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Vagus Nerve Stimulation During Rehabilitative Training Improves Forelimb Recovery After Chronic Ischemic Stroke in Rats
Conclusion. VNS paired with rehabilitative training confers significantly greater recovery of forelimb function after chronic ischemic stroke in rats.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Khodaparast, N., Kilgard, M. P., Casavant, R., Ruiz, A., Qureshi, I., Ganzer, P. D., Rennaker, R. L., Hays, S. A. Tags: Basic Research Articles Source Type: research

Methylene Blue promotes cortical neurogenesis and ameliorates behavioral deficit after photothrombotic stroke in rats
We report that MB significantly enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis, as evidenced by the increased co-localizations of BrdU/NeuN, BrdU/DCX, BrdU/MAP2 and BrdU/Ki67 in the peri-infarct zone compared with vehicle controls. MB thus effectively limited infarct volume and improved neurological deficits compared to PT control animals. The effects of MB were accompanied with an attenuated level of reactive gliosis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as elevated levels of cytochrome c oxidase activity and ATP production in peri-infarct regions. Our study provides important information that MB has the abilit...
Source: Neuroscience - September 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Unique cytokine and chemokine responses to exertional heat stroke in mice
In this study we used a recently developed mouse EHS model to measure the responses of circulating cytokines/chemokines and cytokine gene expression in muscle. A very rapid increase in circulating IL-6 was observed at maximum core temperature (Tc,max) that peaked at 0.5 h of recovery and disappeared by 3 h. IL-10 was not elevated at any time. This contrasts with PHS where both IL-6 and IL-10 peak at 3 h of recovery. Keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, MIP-1β, and monocyte chemoattractive factor-1 also demonstrated near peak response...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 2, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: King, M. A., Leon, L. R., Morse, D. A., Clanton, T. L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Peripheral immune cells infiltrate into sites of secondary neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017 Source:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Author(s): K.A. Jones, S. Maltby, M.W. Plank, M. Kluge, M. Nilsson, P.S. Foster, F.R. Walker Experimental stroke leads to microglia activation and progressive neuronal loss at sites of secondary neurodegeneration (SND). These lesions are remote from, but synaptically connected to, primary infarction sites. Previous studies have demonstrated that immune cells are present in sites of infarction in the first hours and days after stroke, and are associated with increased neurodegeneration in peri-infarct regions. However, it is not known...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - September 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

How to use stem cells for repair in stroke patients.
Authors: Detante O, Rome C, Papassin J Abstract Regenerative cell therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in neurology, most notably to improve stroke recovery. Although tolerability and feasibility have apparently been validated, many questions remain as to what is the best type of cells to use, the best route and the post-stroke delay for administration. Two main strategies have currently emerged: intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells with systemic trophic support; and intracerebral grafting of neural stem cells with brain repair effects at the lesion site. Multicenter clinical trials have just begu...
Source: Revue Neurologique - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Rev Neurol (Paris) Source Type: research

Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cell in patients with acute ischemic stroke
AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have important effect in tissue repair in ischemic organs. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the mobilization of EPCs and its possible mechanism after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A total of 148 individuals were examined, including 106 patients with ischemic stroke and 42 healthy controls. Seventy-one patients with imaging-confirmed AIS were examined at days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after stroke onset. Circulating EPCs were quantified by flow cytometry using CD133 and KDR surface markers. Serum stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) concentrations were determined by enzyme-li...
Source: Neurological Sciences - November 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Scalp acupuncture plus low-frequency rTMS promotes repair of brain white matter tracts in stroke patients: A  DTI study.
Scalp acupuncture plus low-frequency rTMS promotes repair of brain white matter tracts in stroke patients: A DTI study. J Integr Neurosci. 2018;17(1):125-139 Authors: Zhao N, Zhang J, Qiu M, Wang C, Xiang Y, Wang H, Xie J, Liu S, Wu J Abstract To study the clinical effects of scalp acupuncture plus low frequency rTMS in hemiplegic stroke patients. A total of 28 hemiplegic stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (scalp acupuncture + low frequency rTMS + routine rehabilitation treatment) or the control group (scalp acupuncture + routine rehabilitation treatment...
Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience - January 31, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao N, Zhang J, Qiu M, Wang C, Xiang Y, Wang H, Xie J, Liu S, Wu J Tags: J Integr Neurosci Source Type: research

A Preventive Injection of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Prolongs Lifespan in Stroke-prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
In conclusion, a single preventive injection of EPCs prolonged the lifespan of SHR-SP, and protected against cerebral ischemic injury for at least seven weeks. It is implied that EPC injection might be a promising candidate for a preventive role in patients at high risk for stroke.
Source: Clinical Science - July 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Peng, C., Dong, X.-H., Liu, J.-L., Tao, Y.-L., Xu, C.-F., Wang, L.-P., Liu, C.-L., Su, D.-F., Tao, X., Zhang, C., Chen, A. F., Xie, H.-H. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research

Preconditioning in the Rhesus Macaque Induces a Proteomic Signature Following Cerebral Ischemia that Is Associated with Neuroprotection
AbstractEach year, thousands of patients are at risk of cerebral ischemic injury, due to iatrogenic responses to surgical procedures. Prophylactic treatment of these patients as standard care could minimize potential neurological complications. We have shown that protection of brain tissue, in a non-human primate model of cerebral ischemic injury, is possible through pharmacological preconditioning using the immune activator D192935. We postulate that preconditioning with D192935 results in neuroprotective reprogramming that is evident in the brain following experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. We performed quantitati...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes remyelination process in cerebral white matter in rats subjected to ischemic stroke.
Abstract Remyelination has been widely noticed as an important repair mechanism triggered after a stroke-induced white matter injury, but it often fails due to the lack of recruitment of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the demyelinated area and the inadequate differentiation of OPCs. Racemic dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) has been reported to improve the functional recovery in animal models of vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke. Dl-NBP (70 mg/kg) by oral gavage for two weeks from day 7 after a stroke was administered in the study, the treatment promoted differentiation a...
Source: Brain Research - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhao C, Cheng X, Wang H, Liu C, Zhong S, Niu X, Zhang X, Qi R, Zhao S, Zhang X, Qu H Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

The Potential of Biomaterial-Based Approaches as Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-clinical Studies
Conclusions Biomaterials including scaffolds and particles exerted a positive effect on histological and neurological outcomes in pre-clinical stroke models. However, heterogeneity in the field, publication bias and study quality scores which may be another source of bias call for standardisation of outcome measures and improved study reporting.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - August 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research