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Computational tools could change the way sleep apnea is treated
Imagine that before performing surgery, doctors could consult software that would determine the actual effectiveness of the procedure before even lifting a scalpel. With the use of a computational model of the human airway being developed by Jeff Eldredge, a professor at the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at UCLA, people who suffer from sleep apnea may one day benefit from such a scenario. Previously, Eldredge, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, had been working on creating models that simulated the interactions between blood and vessel walls with Shao-Ching Huang, an expert in h...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - February 10, 2016 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Summary: International Kidney Cancer Symposium
Conclusions:  Ideal ischemia time is 20-25 minutes or less improves short and long term renal function.  >25 minutes carried 5 year risk of new onset stage 4 CKD No differences on GFR for cold vs. warm ischemia times Preoperative GFR and the percent of kidney preserved was a better predictor of post op GFR.  No ischemia preserves renal function better than warm. Longer cold ischemia times were equivalent to shorter warm ischemia times. Quality and quantity of the remaining kidney is associated with ultimate renal function. Robotics in RCC Surgery Gennady Bratslavsky, MD The...
Source: Kidney Cancer Association - December 15, 2011 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: news

Decline in dementia rate offers “cautious hope”
“The number of Americans with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias will grow each year as the size and proportion of the U.S. population age 65 and older continue to increase. The number will escalate rapidly in coming years as the baby boom generation ages.” 2015 Alzheimer’s disease Facts and Figures Despite these alarming projections, a report from a recent issue of the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) offered a few words of encouragement. Researchers from the longstanding Framingham study found that the rate of dementia has declined over the course of three decades. Framingham researchers had been study...
Source: New Harvard Health Information - March 9, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Beverly Merz Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Behavioral Health Brain and cognitive health Caregiving Healthy Aging Memory Mental Health Prevention cognitive decline dementia Source Type: news

Answers to Epilogue questions
AnswersQuestion 1: C Unenhanced CT examination of the brain revealed extensive thrombosis in the superior sagittal, straight and left transverse sinuses (figure 1). The CT angiogram (figure 2) confirmed venous thrombosis and an arterial infarct. It revealed complete occlusion of left internal carotid artery and segmental vasculopathy, affecting multiple intracranial and extracranial vessels of both the anterior and posterior circulation along with an aneurysmal ascending aorta. The contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated a filling defect of the superior sagittal sinus with minimal peripheral contrast enhancement, known as t...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mundada, V., Krishnakumar, D., Chitre, M., Das, T. Tags: Journalology, Eye Diseases, Stroke, Diet, Ophthalmology, Child and adolescent psychiatry (paedatrics), Radiology, Disability, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Competing interests (ethics), Metabolic disorders Source Type: research

Dementia risk after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a prospective cohort study
Publication date: July 2016 Source:The Lancet Neurology, Volume 15, Issue 8 Author(s): Solène Moulin, Julien Labreuche, Stéphanie Bombois, Costanza Rossi, Gregoire Boulouis, Hilde Hénon, Alain Duhamel, Didier Leys, Charlotte Cordonnier Background Dementia occurs in at least 10% of patients within 1 year after stroke. However, the risk of dementia after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage that accounts for about 15% of all strokes has not been investigated in prospective studies. We aimed to determine the incidence of dementia and risk factors after an intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods We did a prospective...
Source: The Lancet Neurology - June 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rupture of vertebral artery dissection aneurysm during 3D DSA
A 60-year-old man with a history of headache and vomiting had a subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT scan. On 2-dimensional (2D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a possible dissection aneurysm of the vertebral artery was seen (video 1 on the Neurology® Web site at Neurology.org). During 3D DSA, the aneurysm suddenly ruptured (video 2), with intracranial hemorrhage. The pressure of contrast was 200 psi, the rate was 2 mL/s, with a total volume of 12 mL. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit but died of brain herniation and vasospasm. Few dissection aneurysms rupture during 3D DSA, but the risk is likely ...
Source: Neurology - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Xu, D., Wang, C., Zhang, C., Xiang, S., Xie, X. Tags: All Imaging, All Clinical Neurology, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Critical care, All Education VIDEO NEUROIMAGES Source Type: research

Differential Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Global Brain Volumes and White Matter Lesions in African American and White Adults: the HANDLS SCAN Study
Objective: The aim of the study was to examine interactive relations of race and socioeconomic status (SES) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–assessed global brain outcomes with previously demonstrated prognostic significance for stroke, dementia, and mortality. Methods: Participants were 147 African Americans (AAs) and whites (ages 33–71 years; 43% AA; 56% female; 26% below poverty) in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span SCAN substudy. Cranial MRI was conducted using a 3.0 T unit. White matter (WM) lesion volumes and total brain, gray matter, and WM volumes were computed. An SES com...
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Compensatory functional reorganization may precede hypertension-related brain damage and cognitive decline: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
This article reports the results of functional MRI during a Stroop color interference task and structural evaluations based on a modified Fazekas scale. Results: No intergroup differences were found in regards to the severity of white matter lesions (Mann–Whitney U test = 150.5, P > 0.1), nor from the task performance in the scanner (t(35) = 0.2, P > 0.1). However, brain activation patterns between patients and controls varied. Hypertensive patients involved significantly more cerebral areas during the processing, regardless of the task difficulty. Differences were found in 26 diverse regions of both pri...
Source: Journal of Hypertension - April 26, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Stroke and cognitive decline Source Type: research

The value of F-18 FDG PET-CT scan in the diagnosis of infection of unknown origin in a patient with aortic valve replacement. in the diagnosis of infection of unknown origin in a patient with Aortic valve replacement. value of F-18 FDG PET/CT scan in the diagnosis of infection of unknown origin in a patient with Aortic valve replacement.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of and localization of a periaortic valve abscess in a patient with multiple valve replacements, recurrent fevers/sepsis and inconclusive imaging with transthoracic echocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiogram and Indium-111 WBC scan. The localization of the FDG activity to the posterior aspect of the valve which corresponded to the findings on transthoracic echocardiogram was key. Research Support:
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 24, 2017 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Muhleman, M., Kaur, H., Patel, M., Rydberg, J. Tags: Educational Exhibits Posters Source Type: research

DIS-17-0023 The Enduring Health Challenges of Afghan Immigrants and Refugees in Iran: A Systematic Review
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author. Data Availability All national (MagIran, Science Information Database (SID) and Iranmedex) and international (PubMed, Scopus) databases were searched from November 2010 to November 2016 using keywords both in English and Persian: Afghan immigrants, Afghan refugees, Iran, infectious diseases, tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, non-communicable disease, food security, mental health, barriers, health insurance, access to health service. All related websites and webpages were also searched by Google with the same keywords ...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - July 21, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: nasim Source Type: research

The Enduring Health Challenges of Afghan Immigrants and Refugees in Iran: A Systematic Review
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author. Data Availability All national (MagIran, Science Information Database (SID) and Iranmedex) and international (PubMed, Scopus) databases were searched from November 2010 to November 2016 using keywords both in English and Persian: Afghan immigrants, Afghan refugees, Iran, infectious diseases, tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, non-communicable disease, food security, mental health, barriers, health insurance, access to health service. All related websites and webpages were also searched by Google with the same keywords ...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - July 21, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: nasim Source Type: research

Associations between Greenness, Impervious Surface Area, and Nighttime Lights on Biomarkers of Vascular Aging in Chennai, India
Conclusion: Greenness, ISA, and NTL were associated with increased SBP, DBP, and cPP, and with reduced FMD, suggesting a possible additional EVA pathway for the relationship between urbanization and increased CVD prevalence in urban India. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP541 Received: 20 May 2016 Revised: 03 January 2017 Accepted: 23 January 2017 Published: 02 August 2017 Address correspondence to K.J. Lane, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Telephone: (781) 696-4537; Email: kevin.lane@yale.edu Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289...
Source: EHP Research - August 2, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

First ‐aid training in school: amount, content and hindrances
This study aimed to establish how much time is spent on first‐aid training, which first‐aid measures are taught, and which factors prevent teachers from providing the quantity and quality of first‐aid training that they wish to give. MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to teachers in physical education in primary and secondary schools and to teachers in vocational subjects in higher secondary schools. ResultsThe teachers taught a median of two lessons in first aid per year. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was taught by 64% of teachers, free airway and recovery position by 69% and stopping severe bleeding by 51...
Source: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica - August 17, 2017 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: H. K. Bakke, H. K. Bakke, R. Schwebs Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Anosognosia Is an Independent Predictor of Conversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease and Is Associated With Reduced Brain Metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Anosognosia in AD is related to brain glucose hypometabolism. Further, anosognosia independently predicts conversion from MCI to AD. The absence of anosognosia may be clinically useful to identify those patients that are unlikely to convert from MCI to AD. PMID: 29022655 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry - October 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: J Clin Psychiatry Source Type: research

What is the role of screening for pulmonary hypertension in adults and children with sickle cell disease?
Authors: Willen SM, Gladwin MT Abstract Patient case: An 18-year-old male patient with homozygous hemoglobin SS disease was evaluated for progressive dyspnea and elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) on echocardiography. The patient's case is described in detail in Lancet1 He had been treated with regular transfusions since childhood for stroke, had rare episodes of vaso-occlusive pain episodes, and did not take narcotic pain medications. He presented with progressive severe dyspnea on exertion and lower extremity edema. His laboratory tests were notable for a total hemoglobin level of 11.8 g/dL and hem...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 10, 2017 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

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