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Total 31 results found since Jan 2013.

Steroid induced secondary immune deficiency
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023 Jan 18:S1081-1206(23)00011-X. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.01.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite their widespread clinical use, oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are well known to be associated with a myriad of adverse effects, including immunosuppression. By inhibiting transcription factors and affecting leukocyte function, prolonged OCS use leads to significant CD4 lymphopenia, and also often leads to a decrease in serum IgG. Conversely, OCS use has minimal impact on circulating B cell, serum IgM, or serum IgA levels. Although there is a paucity of literature, individuals treated with prolo...
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - January 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S Shahzad Mustafa Source Type: research

Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in Stevens –Johnson syndrome-like acute graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation: A case report
ConclusionWe demonstrated a diagnostic strategy for OLT-aGVHD. Targeting therapy with anti-TNF-α blockade and a temporary withdrawal of traditional immunosuppressants may be among effective and safe therapeutic options of OLT-aGVHD for those with severe sepsis.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Treatment of indolent and advanced systemic mastocytosis
Management of Indolent and Smoldering SM is focused on preventing anaphylactic reactions, identifying and avoiding symptom triggers. Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms are managed with H1- and H2-antihistamines. When skin symptoms are not adequately controlled, leukotriene antagonists and oral psoralen combined with ultraviolet therapy may be added. Proton pump inhibitors, sodium cromolyn and oral corticosteroids may be added for gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients should be prescribed with self-injectable epinephrine and trained to treat recurrent cardiovascular symptoms or anaphylaxis. Depression and cognitive impairment...
Source: Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases - April 28, 2022 Category: Hematology Authors: Dr. Alessandro Buonomo, Dr. Eleonora Nucera, Dr. Marianna Criscuolo Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jirovecii: a review with a focus on prevention and treatment
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2021 Apr 19:1-14. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1915989. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) include HIV, organ transplant, malignancy, certain inflammatory or rheumatologic conditions, and associated therapies and conditions that result in cell-mediated immune deficiency. Clinical signs of PJP are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis requires direct detection of the organism in lower respiratory secretions or tissu...
Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy - April 19, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: R Benson Weyant Dima Kabbani Karen Doucette Cecilia Lau Carlos Cervera Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer on Corticosteroids for Malignant Spinal Cord Compression: Two Case Reports and a Guideline Review.
This article will also provide a review of the current guidelines for PCP prophylaxis in patients undergoing treatment for metastatic spinal cord compression. We recommend empiric treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or dapsone in those patients with a sulfa allergy in all patients with solid tumors when any high-dose steroids are started for the treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression. Further research is needed to assess the epidemiology of PCP in patients with solid tumors and additional trials are necessary to refine PCP prophylaxis. PMID: 32212136 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) - March 18, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Duarte C, Gilbert D, Sheridan AD, PharmaD SDW, Lam ET Tags: Oncology (Williston Park) Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jiroveci.
Abstract Pneumocystis jiroveci remains an important fungal pathogen in a broad range of immunocompromised hosts. The natural reservoir of infection remains unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) develops via airborne transmission or reactivation of inadequately treated infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have been described among immunocompromised hosts. Subclinical infection or colonization may occur. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs most often within 6 months of organ transplantation and with intensified or prolonged immunosuppression, notably with corticosteroids. Infection is also common during ne...
Source: Respiratory Care - January 31, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fishman JA Tags: Semin Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jiroveci
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 141-157 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3399559 Pneumocystis jiroveci remains an important fungal pathogen in a broad range of immunocompromised hosts. The natural reservoir of infection remains unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) develops via airborne transmission or reactivation of inadequately treated infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have been described among immunocompromised hosts. Subclinical infection or colonization may occur. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs most often within 6 months of organ transplantation and with intensified or prolonged immunosuppression, notabl...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 29, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fishman, Jay A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

A Case of Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare acid fast bacilli that grows rapidly when compared to other members of the Mycobacteria genus. Localized cutaneous infections (i.e. cellulitis/ abscess) are common in immunocompetent patients, but in an immune compromised host disseminated infections are more prevalent. Disseminated cutaneous manifestations most commonly present in patients who are immunosuppressed by malignancy, corticosteroid therapy, various immunomodulating drugs used in organ transplantation or secondary immunodeficiencies1.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - December 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Christina Thoonkuzhy, Ryan Shilian, Robert Hostoffer Tags: Letters Source Type: research

Current Clinical Trials in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
Conclusions The clinical trials discussed here, which include several trials investigating novel therapeutic targets, demonstrate that translational research in pemphigus and pemphigoid is a fast-growing field. We thus expect that several novel treatments will be shortly available for the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid patients. Given the high, and thus far unmet, medical need in this field (110), this is highly encouraging and will hopefully improve the quality of life of the affected patients. In addition to the compounds and targets described here, several new targets have been recently identified in preclinical...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Incidence and Outcome of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children With Hematological Malignancies and/or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study
Conclusion: This prospective multicenter study provides information on the current incidence and outcome of IFD in the real life setting. Practice variation between the centers may help to ultimately improve antifungal management in children at highest risk for IFDs. Introduction Available data on the incidence and outcome of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in children treated for a hematological malignancy or undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are mostly based on single site, retrospective studies or on studies performed prior to the availability of newer compounds such as broad-sp...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research