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Clinical trial testing topical cream plus influenza vaccine in progress
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A Phase 1 clinical trial examining whether a topical cream can enhance the immune response conferred by a 'pre-pandemic' influenza vaccine is underway at Baylor College of Medicine, a Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (VTEU) funded by NIAID. Investigators are evaluating whether imiquimod cream, commonly used to treat genital warts and certain skin cancers, can boost the body's immune response to an H5N1 influenza vaccine. The trial is enrolling 50 healthy adults ages 18-50 years.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - September 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Trump Wants to End HIV Within 10 Years. Here ’s What That Would Take, According to Experts
About 1.1 million Americans currently live with HIV, and approximately 40,000 are infected each year, according to federal data. But in his State of the Union address, President Donald Trump promised to “eliminate the HIV epidemic in the United States within 10 years” — a plan that hinges on a multi-agency push for better diagnosis, treatment and prevention in at-risk communities, health officials said Wednesday. Trump introduced the plan during his annual address on Tuesday but offered few details. Health officials fleshed out the plan during a call with reporters on Wednesday. The initiative will be ove...
Source: TIME: Health - February 6, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Jamie Ducharme Tags: Uncategorized healthytime HIV/AIDS onetime Source Type: news

Mind the Gap: How Interspecies Variability in IgG and Its Receptors May Complicate Comparisons of Human and Non-human Primate Effector Function
Conclusions The sheer number of factors to consider when translating observations between macaques and humans makes the process a challenging, multidimensional one. Differences in the structures and activities of IgG subclasses, and polymorphisms in protein sequence and post-translational modification of antibody receptors are a subset of the many relevant considerations. Copy number variation, splice variants, and alleles with sequence variation outside of coding regions have been associated with a diversity of phenotypes in humans (183, 213–217), and are presumed to exist in NHP. A number of differences in the p...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 7, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Beyond CAR T Cells: Other Cell-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Cancer
Conclusions: CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review. Introduction Chimeric antigen receptors and engineered T cell receptors (based on previously identified high affinity T cell receptors) function by redirecting T cells to a predefined tumor-specific (or tumor-associated) target. Most of these modifications use retroviral or lentiviral vectors to integrate the construct, and most of the receptors ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

BKV Clearance Time Correlates With Exhaustion State and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Shape of BKV-Specific T-Cells in Renal Transplant Patients
This study was approved by our local ethical review committee in compliance with the declaration of Helsinki. Informed and written consent was obtained from all patients (Ethic Committee Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany, EA2/028/13). The study cohort consisted of 7 kidney transplant recipients with sustained BKV reactivation (Table 1). The HLA typing for each patient and donor is summarized in Figure 1. TABLE 1 Table 1. Characteristics of patients with BKV reactivation. FIGURE 1 Figure 1. Recipient and donor HLA type. HLA type of the patients and their kidney donors. Black square i...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0318 Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Immunity and Metabolic Disorders in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 normalized the parameters altered by CTX-induced toxicities, strengthening intestinal health by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, ameliorating the intestinal morphology and improving profiles of intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings suggested that the administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 could be of significant advantage in reducing intestinal immunity impairment caused by cyclophosphamide. Ethics Statement This study was carried out according to the Animal Care Review Committee, Northeas...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A Gene Therapy Breakthrough Could Offer a Treatment for the Rare and Deadly ‘Bubble Boy’ Disease
Researchers used an experimental gene therapy to develop a possible treatment for a rare and deadly immune disorder known as “bubble boy” disease, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced Wednesday. Because of a gene mutation, babies who are born with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) do not develop immune cells properly, leaving them highly susceptible to infections. The condition, which strikes up to one in 50,000 newborns, primarily affects boys and requires extreme measures to prevent infection. In one famous case, a boy with SCID, David Vetter, lived in a sterile plastic “bu...
Source: TIME: Health - April 18, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Jamie Ducharme Tags: Uncategorized Research Source Type: news

Leukocyte Heparanase: A Double-Edged Sword in Tumor Progression
Conclusions This review describes how leukocyte-heparanase can be a double-edged sword in tumor progression; it can enhance tumor immune surveillance and tumor cell clearance, but also promote tumor survival and growth. We also discuss the potential of using heparanase in leukocyte therapies against tumors, and the effects of heparanase inhibitors on tumor progression and immunity. We are just beginning to understand the influence of heparanase on a pro/anti-tumor immune response, and there are still many questions to answer. How do the pro/anti-tumorigenic effects of heparanase differ across different cancer types? Does...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 29, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The future of vaccine development.
Abstract Vaccines are one of the most successful public health interventions in our history resulting in eradication of small pox, near eradication of polio and major reductions in case number and global morbidity and mortality for numerous diseases (Centers for Disease C, 1999) [1]. However, vaccine development has been less successful against complex infectious diseases, where pathogen variability and/or immune evasion mechanisms have combined to pose major obstacles, and have been unsuccessful against non-communicable diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases (K...
Source: Vaccine - August 19, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Koff WC, Schenkelberg T Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Development and optimization of a hybridization technique to type the classical class I and class II B genes of the chicken MHC
We describe a typing protocol for classical chicken class I (BF) and class II B (BLB) genes based on a hybridization method called reference strand-mediated conformational analysis (RSCA). We optimize the various steps, validate the analysis using well-characterized chicken MHC haplotypes, apply the system to type some experimental lines and discover a new chicken class I allele. This work establishes a basis for typing the MHC genes of chickens worldwide and provides an opportunity to correlate with microsatellite and with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for approaches involving imputation.
Source: Immunogenetics - November 24, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Japan ' s Halt of Regular HPV Vaccine to Cause Thousands of Cancer Deaths - Study Japan ' s Halt of Regular HPV Vaccine to Cause Thousands of Cancer Deaths - Study
A decision by Japan to stop recommending adolescent girls receive a HPV vaccination will likely result in almost 11,000 deaths from cervical cancer if it is not reversed, according to a study published on Monday.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - February 11, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Hematology-Oncology News Source Type: news

NIH Slated for 7 percent Budget Cut
The President has proposed a $38.7 billion budget for the National Institutes of Health in fiscal year (FY) 2021. This translates to a $3 billion or 7 percent cut in the agency’s funding compared to FY 2020. The NIH budget request includes a $50 million initiative to use artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a better understanding of the causes of chronic diseases and to identify early treatments. This plan is in line with the Administration’s “Industries of the Future” effort, which supports using and developing AI across sectors. The budget would provide $50 million for the Childhood Cancer ...
Source: Public Policy Reports - February 18, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: AIBS Source Type: news

New Tests Enter the Scene as COVID-19 Rages On
Tests for the coronavirus (COVID-19) continue to roll in as the U.S. faces a public health crisis. Thermo Fisher Scientific and Mayo Clinic are the latest with diagnostic contributions. Waltham, MA-based Thermo Fisher is the second company to be granted an Emergency Use Authorization for a commercially developed COVID-19 test. MD+DI reported Roche received this designation late last week too for the cobas SARA-COV-2 test. In a press release, Thermo Fisher said the authorized test uses Applied Biosystems TaqPath Assay technology and is designed to provide patient results within four hours of a sample being received by a lab...
Source: MDDI - March 16, 2020 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Omar Ford Tags: IVD Regulatory and Compliance Source Type: news

Vaccines, Antibodies and Drug Libraries. The Possible COVID-19 Treatments Researchers Are Excited About
In early April, about four months after a new, highly infectious coronavirus was first identified in China, an international group of scientists reported encouraging results from a study of an experimental drug for treating the viral disease known as COVID-19. It was a small study, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, but showed that remdesivir, an unapproved drug that was originally developed to fight Ebola, helped 68% of patients with severe breathing problems due to COVID-19 to improve; 60% of those who relied on a ventilator to breathe and took the drug were able to wean themselves off the machines after 18...
Source: TIME: Health - April 14, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Source Type: news

All Your Coronavirus Questions, Answered
One of the worst symptoms of any plague is uncertainty—who it will strike, when it will end, why it began. Merely understanding a pandemic does not stop it, but an informed public can help curb its impact and slow its spread. It can also provide a certain ease of mind in a decidedly uneasy time. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about the COVID-19 pandemic from TIME’s readers, along with the best and most current answers science can provide. A note about our sourcing: While there are many, many studies underway investigating COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-19, the novel coronavirus that causes the illn...
Source: TIME: Health - April 14, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: TIME Staff Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Explainer Source Type: news