• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Human Gut-Associated Natural Killer Cells in Health and Disease
Alessandro Poggi1*, Roberto Benelli2, Roberta Venè1, Delfina Costa1, Nicoletta Ferrari1, Francesca Tosetti1 and Maria Raffaella Zocchi3 1Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 2Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 3Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, they can recognize molecules induced at the cell surface by stress signals...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Uterine Natural Killer Cells
Conclusions In both mouse and human, uNK cells are the most prominent immune cells that occupy the maternal-fetal interface. The uNK cells appear to engage and establish complex interactions with the surrounding tissue, which impact their function. As more cell subsets are identified within the heterogeneous uNK cell population, it is anticipated that their functional heterogeneity will extend beyond vascular modification, growth-promotion and memory generation. Author Contributions DS wrote the manuscript. LY provided the micrographs and WY edited the manuscript. Funding Work in the Yokoyama lab on uterine NK cells i...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
Nyambayar Dashtsoodol1,2*, Sabrina Bortoluzzi1 and Marc Schmidt-Supprian1* 1Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Novel Nonsense Mutation in FERMT3 Causes LAD-III in a Pakistani Family
Conclusion In conclusion, this study wants to stress the importance of early diagnosis. As in the majority of primary immunodeficiency diseases, the prognosis of LAD3 is extremely dependent on early age diagnosis, with timely management of bacterial infections and consideration for HSCT. In addition, this autosomal recessive disorder has high incidence in areas with high rate of consanguineous marriages. Therefore, broadening the spectrum of known mutations underlying the phenotype of such a life-threatening disease can help offering and performing better genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Ethics Statement This ...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 23, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Core Gut Bacteria Analysis of Healthy Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, our results exhibited a relatively complete picture of core gut bacteria in healthy mice that they were mainly composed of carbohydrate- and amino acids-metabolizing bacteria and immunomodulatory bacteria, as well as their ecological relationships of symbiosis or functional redundancy. It was worth noting that the core bacteria resident in healthy gut was of fundamental importance for not only the healthy physiological characteristics, but also the chronic metabolic disease phenotypes. Our study focused on the gut microbiota of healthy host, and would be an important complement to the case–...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review
The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review Qiancheng Deng1, Yangyang Luo1,2, Christopher Chang3, Haijing Wu1, Yan Ding4* and Rong Xiao1* 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 2Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China 3Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States 4Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China A...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

From “Serum Sickness” to “Xenosialitis”: Past, Present, and Future Significance of the Non-human Sialic Acid Neu5Gc
Conclusions and Perspectives In this review, we have discussed important milestones from the early description of “Serum-sickness” as being due to antibodies directed against Neu5Gc epitopes all the way to the present-day therapeutic implications of these antibodies in cancer therapy. Some of these milestones have been represented in a concise timeline (Figure 6). While the “Xenosialitis” hypothesis is well-supported in the human-like mouse models, it has yet to be conclusively proven in humans. It remains to be seen if “Xenosialitis” plays a role in other uniquely-human dis...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Editorial: Shaping of Human Immune System and Metabolic Processes by Viruses and Microorganisms
Conclusions In conclusion, articles in this Research Topic made a very significant contribution to our understanding of the role played by environmental factors, dysbiotic conditions, and infections in triggering diseases. Since this is a rapidly expanding area of research, many other factors contributing to the onset of these diseases are not covered here. We are confident, however, that further studies will expand the list as well as bring a better understanding of mechanisms involved in the onset of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Author Contributions All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A Systematic Review on Predisposition to Lymphoid (B and T cell) Neoplasias in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies and Immune Dysregulatory Disorders (Inborn Errors of Immunity)
Conclusions Though this is not a comprehensive summary of malignancies in PIDDs, or even lymphoproliferative disease in this area, this review summarizes the Medline-indexed published reports of B and T lymphomas in patients with PIDDs. This report highlights the diversity of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in setting of PIDDs, and its associated challenges of diagnosis and treatment. The pathological classification and nomenclature for the lymphoid malignancies with variably reported and postulated underlying mechanisms were inconsistent and inadequate for many of these published reports. A wide range of treatmen...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0318 Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Immunity and Metabolic Disorders in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 normalized the parameters altered by CTX-induced toxicities, strengthening intestinal health by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, ameliorating the intestinal morphology and improving profiles of intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings suggested that the administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 could be of significant advantage in reducing intestinal immunity impairment caused by cyclophosphamide. Ethics Statement This study was carried out according to the Animal Care Review Committee, Northeas...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Beyond CAR T Cells: Other Cell-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Cancer
Conclusions: CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review. Introduction Chimeric antigen receptors and engineered T cell receptors (based on previously identified high affinity T cell receptors) function by redirecting T cells to a predefined tumor-specific (or tumor-associated) target. Most of these modifications use retroviral or lentiviral vectors to integrate the construct, and most of the receptors ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research