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Science ’s 2022 Breakthrough of the Year: A telescope’s golden eye sees the universe anew
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Source: ScienceNOW - December 15, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

Antibody weapon against malaria shows promise in Africa
A new way to prevent malaria that showed promise in 9 U.S. volunteers deliberately exposed to parasite-laden mosquitoes last year has now shown its mettle in a real-world situation in Africa. A study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that a single dose of lab-produced monoclonal antibodies can protect recipients from infection for up to 6 months during Mali’s intense malaria season. Monoclonal antibodies are expensive to produce and can be cumbersome to administer if they are infused straight into the bloodstream. That makes some researchers skeptical that the new ones to thwa...
Source: ScienceNOW - November 1, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

Identification of a New Human Monoclonal Antibody that More Potently Prevents Malaria Infection
Malaria is a major disease caused by a parasite transmitted through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. Globally, an estimated 214 million cases of malaria and 438,000 deaths from malaria occur annually, with chidren in African and South Asian regions being most vulnerable. Approximately 1,500-2,000 cases of malaria are reported in the United States each year, mostly in returning travelers from malaria- endemic countries. Among the international travelers, military personnel, diplomats, pregnant women, children and older individuals with weakened immune systems are more likely to be at risk of malaria infection and mor...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - November 13, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

Risk of Zika virus transmission from mother to unborn child much higher than expected
FINDINGSAccording to a new study by UCLA researchers and colleagues conducted in Brazil, 65% of children born to mothers infected withthe Zikavirusalsotested positive for the mosquito-borneinfection— a much higher rate than expected.The findings indicatethat even babies whohave no outward neurological or other symptoms associated with Zika can still be infected with the virus andare potentially at risk offuturedevelopmental problems.  BACKGROUNDThe study representsthe first time that the mother-to-child transmission rate of Zika has been reportedfor a group of children who were tracked over several years — including f...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - July 27, 2020 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Human Ascariasis: An Updated Review.
CONCLUSION: The average cure rate with anthelminthic treatment is over 95%. Unfortunately, most treated patients in endemic areas become re-infected within months. Health education, personal hygiene, improved sanitary conditions, proper disposal of human excreta, and discontinuing the use of human fecal matter as a fertilizer are effective long-term preventive measures. Targeting deworming treatment and mass anthelminthic treatment should be considered in regions where A. lumbricoides is prevalent. PMID: 32628606 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Recent Patents on Inflammation and Allergy Drug Discovery - July 7, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov Source Type: research

Major Neutralization Site of Hepatitis E Virus and Use of this Neutralization Site in Methods of Vaccination
Hepatitis E is endemic in many countries throughout the developing world, in particular on the continents of Africa and Asia. The disease generally affects young adults and has a very high mortality rate, up to 20%, in pregnant women. This invention relates to the identification of a neutralization site of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and neutralizing antibodies that react with it. The neutralization site is located on a polypeptide from the ORF2 gene (capsid gene) of HEV. This neutralization site was identified using a panel of chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies that are virtually identical to human antibodies. Since this neutra...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - July 6, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

The Human Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium Is Susceptible to Flaviviruses
In this study, we exposed apically well-differentiated human NECs cultured at the ALI to the related flaviviruses ZIKV, JEV, WNV, and Usutu virus (USUV). We selected these viruses due to the recent increasing evidences of potential threat to humans (Cadar et al., 2017; Simonin et al., 2018). We show that NECs are particularly susceptible to JEV and WNV infection and to other flaviviruses included in this study. Infection with each virus led to shedding of infectious virus particles through the apical and basolateral surfaces and triggered host mechanisms at the level of inflammatory and antiviral mediators....
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Long-term effectiveness of one and two doses of a killed, bivalent, whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Haiti: an extended case-control study
Publication date: September 2018Source: The Lancet Global Health, Volume 6, Issue 9Author(s): Molly F Franke, Ralph Ternier, J Gregory Jerome, Wilfredo R Matias, Jason B Harris, Louise C IversSummaryBackgroundNo study of long-term protection following killed oral cholera vaccination has been done outside of the historically cholera-endemic areas of south Asia, or has examined protection after a single-dose vaccination regimen. To address this, we examined the duration of protection of the standard two-dose regimen and an incomplete regimen of one dose up to 4 years after vaccination in Haiti.MethodsIn the setting of two-do...
Source: The Lancet Global Health - August 11, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

5 Ways The Zika Virus Is Here To Stay
Zika virus’ status as a global health threat may officially be over, but the disease’s impact is far from contained.  The World Health Organization decided in November to end its designation of Zika virus as a public health emergency, but that doesn’t mean that Zika virus has disappeared, explained Dr. Carlos Pardo-Villamizar, a clinical neurologist with an expertise in infectious disorders at Johns Hopkins Medicine. Alongside pressing concerns about how to prevent a resurgence of the disease, health care systems in Brazil and other countries that saw births of babies infected with the disease in ute...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - January 4, 2017 Category: Science Source Type: news

Health Official Warns Zika Could Spread Across U.S. Gulf
Aug 21 (Reuters) - One of the top U.S. public health officials on Sunday warned that the mosquito-borne Zika virus could extend its reach across the U.S. Gulf Coast after officials last week confirmed it as active in the popular tourist destination of Miami Beach. The possibility of transmission in Gulf States such as Louisiana and Texas will likely fuel concerns that the virus, which has been shown to cause the severe birth defect known as microcephaly, could spread across the continental United States, even though officials have played down such an outcome. Concern has mounted since confirmation that Zika has expanded in...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - August 21, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Zika Virus Infection: Current Concerns and Perspectives
Abstract The Zika virus outbreaks highlight the growing importance need for a reliable, specific and rapid diagnostic device to detect Zika virus, as it is often recognized as a mild disease without being identified. Many Zika virus infection cases have been misdiagnosed or underreported because of the non-specific clinical presentation. The aim of this review was to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the published peer‐reviewed evidence related to clinical presentations, various diagnostic methods and modes of transmission of Zika virus infection, as well as potential therapeutic targets to combat...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - May 27, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Fresh hope in hunt for malaria vaccine
Conclusion Using a combination of laboratory protein experiments, mouse infection studies, and human susceptibility cohorts, this research developed a new prototype vaccine targeting the PfSEA-1 protein. This approach shows promise in partially reducing malaria infection in mice. The vaccine appeared to mimic the natural resistance to malaria infection found in some children and adolescents living in malaria endemic regions of Tanzania and Kenya. It is important to note that the vaccine was not 100% effective but, if developed successfully, it may still be useful if used in combination with other vaccines. Though this l...
Source: NHS News Feed - May 23, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Pregnancy/child Source Type: news