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Condition: Obesity
Infectious Disease: Epidemics

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Total 24 results found since Jan 2013.

Metabolism of Epithelial Cells in Health and Allergic Disease: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2021
Concomitant dramatic increase in prevalence of allergic and metabolic diseases is part of a modern epidemic afflicting technologically advanced societies. While clinical evidence points to clear associations between various metabolic factors and atopic disease, there is still a very limited understanding of the mechanisms that link the two. Dysregulation of central metabolism in metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia has a systemic impact on multiple tissues and organs, including cells of the epithelial barrier. While much of epithelial research in allergy has focused on the immune-driven processes, a grow...
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - June 2, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

NIDCR's Spring 2021 E-Newsletter
Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page. NIDCR's Spring 2021 E-Newsletter In this issue: NIDCR News Funding Opportunities & Related Notices NIH/HHS News Subscribe to NICDR News Science Advances   Grantee News   NIDCR News NIDCR & NIH Stand Against Structural Racism NIDCR Director Rena D’Souza, DDS, MS, PhD, said in a statement that there is no place for structural racism in biomedical research, echoing remarks from NIH Director Francis Collins, MD, PhD, in his announcement of a new NIH initiative—called UNIT...
Source: NIDCR Science News - April 7, 2021 Category: Dentistry Source Type: news

Obesity and immune status in children
Purpose of review Childhood obesity, with persistent chronic inflammation, is a worldwide epidemic. Obesity causes dysregulation throughout the immune system, affecting the balance and levels of cytokines, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The present review focuses on the impact of obesity on immune function in children: altering the baseline activation state of immune cells and affecting the ability of the host to combat pathogens and malignancy and respond appropriately to vaccination. Recent findings Obesity causes dysregulation of the immune system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of adipose tiss...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - November 11, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RELATED DISORDERS: Edited by Jordan S. Orange Source Type: research

The Great Vaccine Race: Inside the Unprecedented Scramble to Immunize the World Against COVID-19
The cleverest of enemies thrive on surprise attacks. Viruses—and coronaviruses in particular—know this well. Remaining hidden in animal hosts for decades, they mutate steadily, sometimes serendipitously morphing into more effective and efficient infectious agents. When a strain with just the right combination of genetic codes that spell trouble for people makes the leap from animal to human, the ambush begins. Such was the case with SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus behind COVID-19, and the attack was mostly silent and insidious at first. Many people infected with SARS-CoV-2 remained oblivious as they served as the v...
Source: TIME: Health - September 10, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Magazine Source Type: news

The Promoter Regions of Intellectual Disability-Associated Genes Are Uniquely Enriched in LTR Sequences of the MER41 Primate-Specific Endogenous Retrovirus: An Evolutionary Connection Between Immunity and Cognition
Discussion We have found that, in the human genome, the promoter regions of ID-associated genes are uniquely enriched in MER41 LTRs. More specifically, nine ID-associated genes that are putatively important in cognitive evolution exhibit MER41 LTRs in their promoter regions. As more than 100 families of HERV are integrated into our genome, it was important to determine whether our findings are specific to MER41 and to ID-associated genes, and if so to what extent. Among the 133 families of HERV explored here, MER41 is the only family whose LTRs were found with statistically high frequency in the promoter regions of ID-ass...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Early Life Weight Gain and Development of Childhood Asthma in a Prospective Birth Cohort
Childhood asthma has been on the rise in the U.S. and worldwide. In parallel, the obesity epidemic continues to affect all age groups, including pregnant women and their children. While obesity and asthma are associated, it remains unclear which one comes first. We sought to investigate whether early life weight gain can affect the risk of childhood asthma in the Boston Birth Cohort.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hui-Ju Tsai, Guoying Wang, Xiumei Hong, Yuelong Ji, Xiaobin Wang Source Type: research

Associations between Greenness, Impervious Surface Area, and Nighttime Lights on Biomarkers of Vascular Aging in Chennai, India
Conclusion: Greenness, ISA, and NTL were associated with increased SBP, DBP, and cPP, and with reduced FMD, suggesting a possible additional EVA pathway for the relationship between urbanization and increased CVD prevalence in urban India. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP541 Received: 20 May 2016 Revised: 03 January 2017 Accepted: 23 January 2017 Published: 02 August 2017 Address correspondence to K.J. Lane, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Telephone: (781) 696-4537; Email: kevin.lane@yale.edu Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289...
Source: EHP Research - August 2, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Maternal Urinary Triclosan Concentration in Relation to Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Prospective Study
Conclusions: Our results suggest significant inverse associations between maternal urinary TCS and cord blood FT3 as well as maternal blood FT4 concentrations at third trimester. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP500 Received: 11 May 2016 Revised: 05 October 2016 Accepted: 07 November 2016 Published: 27 June 2017 Address correspondence to F. Ouyang, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Rd., Shanghai 200092 China. Telephone: 86-21-2507-8867. Email: ouyangfx@yahoo.com The authors declare they have no actual or poten...
Source: EHP Research - June 27, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Allergies: Can Too Much Hygiene Actually Harm Us?
It's that time of the year again. You step out of the house and your eyes itch, your nose starts running and your head feels like an empty balloon. Yes, it's allergy season. Even the resilient ones, give them enough time and eventually they will develop some form of allergic reaction. But what are allergies and why do so many people suffer from them? Allergies are a glitch in our immune system. The immune system is built to recognize and destroy pathogens -- potential threats like viruses and harmful bacteria. Unlike pathogens, allergens are substances that, despite being harmless to the body, still trigger a response f...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - April 4, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Conclusions Patterns of disease are changing rapidly in LMICs. Pollution-related chronic diseases are becoming more common. This shift presents a particular problem for children, who are proportionately more heavily exposed than are adults to environmental pollutants and for whom these exposures are especially dangerous. Better quantification of environmental exposures and stepped-up efforts to understand how to prevent exposures that cause disease are needed in LMICs and around the globe. To confront the global problem of disease caused by pollution, improved programs of public health monitoring and environmental protecti...
Source: EHP Research - March 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Brief Communication March 2016 Source Type: research

Don't Eat Pizza Before Bed, and Other Advice for Acid-Free Slumber
It’s 9:30 on a typical weekday night. Maybe you’ve just rolled in from work, or maybe a workout (damn you). Maybe you’re already sprawled out on the couch, remote in-hand, Netflix streaming. Suddenly it hits you — you haven’t eaten since lunch, and you’re starving. You reach into the freezer, grab a frozen pizza or a leftover slice and chow down. Bad idea. You've just created the perfect environment for disrupted sleep, owing to our stomach's skilled ability to pump out acid at the first sign of food. Fact is, whether we’re home or out to dinner, plenty of us end up eating lat...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - July 15, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Excess subcutaneous tissue may preclude intramuscular delivery when using adrenaline autoinjectors in patients with anaphylaxis
Abstract Intramuscular adrenaline is the gold standard treatment for anaphylaxis. Intramuscular injection provides more rapid and higher plasma concentrations than subcutaneous routes. Given the increasing epidemic of obesity patients are at increased risk of subcutaneous delivery, we therefore assessed the depth of subcutaneous tissue in a population of patients with anaphylaxis. Patients already prescribed adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) for anaphylaxis were examined with ultrasound, and measurements of skin‐to‐muscle depth (STMD) at anterolateral thigh and anterior thigh were performed. Twenty‐eight patients (23 f...
Source: Allergy - March 29, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J. Johnstone, S. Hobbins, D. Parekh, S. O'Hickey Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research

Children’s Health in Latin America: The Influence of Environmental Exposures
Conclusions: To control environmental threats to children’s health in Latin America, WHO, including PAHO, will focus on the most highly prevalent and serious hazards—indoor and outdoor air pollution, water pollution, and toxic chemicals. Strategies for controlling these hazards include developing tracking data on regional trends in children’s environmental health (CEH), building a network of Collaborating Centres, promoting biomedical research in CEH, building regional capacity, supporting development of evidence-based prevention policies, studying the economic costs of chronic diseases in children, and developing pl...
Source: EHP Research - March 2, 2015 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Review March 2015 Source Type: research

Natural History of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Role of Obesity, Weight Loss, Depression, and Sleep Propensity
Conclusions:Obesity, a disorder of epidemic proportions, is a major risk factor for the incidence and chronicity of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), while weight loss is associated with its remission. Interestingly, objective sleep disturbances predict incident EDS in depressed individuals, whereas physiologic sleep propensity predicts incident EDS in those without depression. Weight management and treatment of depression and sleep disorders should be part of public health policies.Citation:Fernandez-Mendoza J, Vgontzas AN, Kritikou I, Calhoun SL, Liao D, Bixler EO. Natural history of excessive daytime sleepiness: role ...
Source: Sleep - February 28, 2015 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research

Excess subcutaneous tissue may preclude intramuscular delivery when using epinephrine autoinjectors in patients with anaphylaxis
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Source: Allergy - January 1, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jamie Johnstone, Stephanie Hobbins, Dhruv Parekh, Stephen O'Hickey Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research