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Total 310 results found since Jan 2013.

The impact of constraint induced movement therapy on brain activation in chronic stroke patients with upper extremity paralysis: An fMRI study
This study is designed to explore the impact of constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) on brain activation in chronic stroke patients with upper extremity paralysis and seek valuable predictors of recovery. Six chronic stroke patients with right hand dysfunction and nine healthy control subjects participated in the study. The patient's hand function was assessed by the Action Research Arm Test and statistical significance was determined by a paired Student's t‐tests. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed the data using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages software. After CIMT, function of th...
Source: International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology - August 13, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Bo Wen, Lin Ma, Changshui Weng Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Blood Pressure Management for Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: The Evidence
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 38: 718-725 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608777Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic types). In the hyperacute phase, a majority of patients shows an elevated blood pressure (BP) at the time of presentation because of sympathetic hyperactivity or a physiological response to tissue ischemia. Therefore, BP may decrease spontaneously in a few hours and may drop further when complete recanalization is achieved. In stroke guidelines, an elevated BP is usually left untreated up to a systolic BP (SBP) of 220 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of 120 mm ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 20, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ko, Sang-Bae Yoon, Byung-Woo Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Stimulants May Pose Short-Term Cardiovascular Risks in Older Adults
Older adults prescribed stimulant medications appear to be at an elevated risk of cardiovascular problems in the first 30 days after beginning the treatment, according to astudy published today inJAMA Network Open. However, these risks decrease over time, with no evidence of increased cardiovascular risk at six months and one year after initiating treatment.“Although stimulants are most commonly used among children and youth for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an increase in stimulant use among older adults in recent years has been observed,” wrote Mina Tadrous, PharmD., Ph.D., of the ...
Source: Psychiatr News - October 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: cardiovascular problems heart attack JAMA Network Open off-label use older adults stimulants stroke transient ischemic attack ventricular arrhythmia Source Type: research

ADHD drugs not linked to increased stroke risk among children
Children who take medication to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder don't appear to be at increased stroke risk, according to a study.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - February 12, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) information sheet compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Source: NINDS Disorders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - October 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity after Surgery for Cerebral Hemorrhagic Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a condition involving a sudden increase in body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, sweating, and posturing followed by severe brain injury. Most of the reported preceding disorders involve head trauma, followed by anoxic brain injury, and stroke. Here, we report an extremely rare case of 17-year-old man diagnosed with hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformation, underwent emergent surgery, was on prolonged sedation due to postoperative complications, and subsequently developed paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Hiroki Yamada, Ryogo Kikuchi, Jumpei Katayama, Akiyoshi Nakamura, Hiromichi Miyazaki Source Type: research

Characterizing the Neuroimaging and Histopathological Correlates of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Rats
Conclusions: Four stages of CSVD severity in SHRSP are described at the study time points. In addition, we find that quantitative analyses of brain MRI enable identification of in vivo markers of CSVD that can serve as endpoints for interventional testing in therapeutic studies.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Escin alleviates stress-induced intestinal dysfunction to protect brain injury by regulating the gut-brain axis in ischemic stroke rats
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jan 4;115:109659. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109659. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHyperactivity of HPA axis results in intestinal dysfunction, which may play a role in brain injury caused by ischemic stroke (IS). Escin shows a neuroprotective effect but it may not penetrate blood brain barrier (BBB). Previous work in our laboratory showed that escin ameliorated intestinal injury in animals. The aim of this study is to investigate whether escin attenuates brain injury by improving intestinal dysfunction in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, to mimic IS. MCAO rats and lipopolysaccharides...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 6, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Min Li Shengguang Wang Ce Zhang Chenglin Chi Rongxia Liu Tian Wang Fenghua Fu Source Type: research

Robot-Assisted Therapy in Upper Extremity Hemiparesis: Overview of an Evidence-Based Approach
Conclusion Robotic therapy has matured and represents an embodiment of a paradigm shift in neurorehabilitation following a stroke: instead of focusing on compensation, it affords focus in ameliorating the impaired limb in line with concepts of neuroplasticity. This technology-based treatment provides intensity, interactivity, flexibility, and adaptiveness to patient's performance and needs. Furthermore, it increases the productivity of rehabilitation care. Of course, efficiency must be discussed within a local perspective. For example, following the cost containment shown in the VA ROBOTICS study (46), the UK Nati...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Chronic Fluoxetine Induces Activity Changes in Recovery From Poststroke Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment
AbstractPoststroke depression (PSD) is a common outcome of stroke that limits recovery and is only partially responsive to chronic antidepressant treatment. In order to elucidate changes in the cortical-limbic circuitry associated with PSD and its treatment, we examined a novel mouse model of persistent PSD. Focal endothelin-1-induced ischemia of the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in male C57BL6 mice resulted in a chronic anxiety and depression phenotype. Here, we show severe cognitive impairment in spatial learning and memory in the stroke mice. The behavioral and cognitive phenotypes were reversed by chronic (4-wee...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association of ADHD medications with the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis
AbstractThis meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and risk of sudden death/arrhythmia, stroke, myocardial infarction as well as all-cause death. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1950 to May 2018. All observational studies that the exposure of interest was ADHD medications, the outcome of interest was sudden death/arrhythmia, stroke, myocardial infarction as well as all-cause death, and the study reported relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were included. Pooled R...
Source: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - August 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The etiology of poststroke-depression: a hypothesis involving HPA axis
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 May 26;151:113146. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113146. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTApproximately, one in three ischemic stroke survivors suffered from depression, namely, post-stroke depression (PSD). PSD affects functional rehabilitation and may lead to poor quality of life of patients. There are numerous explanations about the etiologies of PSD. Here, we speculated that PSD are likely to be the result of specific changes in brain pathology. We hypothesized that the stroke-induced hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role in PSD. Stroke initiates a comple...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - June 1, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lin Zhou Tian Wang Yawen Yu Mingan Li Xiaohui Sun Wenhao Song Yunjie Wang Ce Zhang Fenghua Fu Source Type: research