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Coffee: A Selected Overview of Beneficial or Harmful Effects on the Cardiovascular System?
Abstract With a history that began in 800 A.D., coffee is the most popular drink known and as a result, the issues regarding its physiologic effects deserve attention. Maintaining alertness is a well-known benefit and in addition, the cardiovascular (CV) effects of the active compounds, which include polyphenols and caffeine, must be considered. Genetics are relevant and where slow caffeine metabolism is inherent, the risk of nonfatal myocardial (MI) has been shown to be increased. Overall risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) is not supported and unless there is excessive intake, congestive heart failure (CHF) is...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - October 2, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Whayne Jr TF Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Comparative Persistence on β-Blockers Versus Calcium Channel Blockers for Ventricular Rate Control in Nonelderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that nonelderly AF patients, when prescribed rate-control therapy, persist longer on BBs than CCBs. Because this is the first long-term study comparing the 2 drug classes in the nonelderly population, further research is suggested. PMID: 25280975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - October 3, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Desai VC, Kelton CM, Metzger AH, Cavanaugh TM, Guo JJ, Heaton PC Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Rac-1 as a New Therapeutic Target in Cerebro- and Cardio-Vascular Diseases.
Abstract Growing evidence indicates that overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a prominent role in the development of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases. Among the mechanisms identified to produce oxidative stress in the vascular wall, those mediated by membrane-bound NAD(P)H oxidases represents a major one. NAD(P)H oxidases are a family of enzymes that generate ROS both in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell types. Vascular NAD(P)H oxidase contains the membrane-bound subunits Nox1, Nox2 (gp91phox), Nox4 and p22phox, the catalytic site of the oxidase, and the cytosolic components p47phox and p67p...
Source: Current Drug Targets - October 27, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Carrizzo A, Forte M, Lembo M, Formisano L, Puca AA, Vecchione C Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research

Drug Therapy of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: Focus on Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
Abstract Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is defined as blood pressure (BP) >140/90 mmHg despite three different antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. aTRH is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke, chronic renal failure, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, aortic aneurysm, atrial fibrillation, and sudden death. Preliminary studies of renal nerve ablation as a therapy to control aTRH were encouraging. However, these results were not confirmed by the Symplicity 3 trial. Therefore, attention has refocused on drug therapy. Secondary forms o...
Source: Drugs - March 19, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Mortality among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers in long-term care facilities.
CONCLUSIONS: MRSA colonization among frail LTHCFs residents is highly prevalent, and is associated with higher mortality. Despite treatment of MRSA carriers, many remained colonized. Factors that promote persistence of MRSA colonization, and the impact of their modification on mortality rates in these patients, need further investigation. PMID: 25904516 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia - April 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Vendrell E, Capdevila JA, Barrufet P, Force L, Sauca G, Martínez E, Palomera E, Serra-Prat M, Cornudella J, Llopis A, Robledo MA, Vázquez C Tags: Rev Esp Quimioter Source Type: research

Predictors of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation After Initiating Dabigatran Therapy
ConclusionThe risk of GI bleeding in patients receiving dabigatran is highly associated with increased age and cardiovascular, renal, and other comorbidities, even after adjusting for other factors. Fewer than 50% of patients restarted an anticoagulant after experiencing a GI bleed. Clinicians should continue to monitor for these risk factors or consider whether alternative therapies may be appropriate.
Source: Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy - May 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Julie C. Lauffenburger, Denise H. Rhoney, Joel F. Farley, Anil K. Gehi, Gang Fang Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease - a new target for treatment.
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete interruption (apnea) in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse in the oral or pharyngeal region. Prospective studies have established the adverse cardiovascular consequences of OSA, including an increased risk for developing hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to better assess the impact of OSA, and possible benefit of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cardiovascular mortality. The leading pathophysiological ...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - July 6, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Schillaci G, Battista F, Fiorenzano G, Basili MC, Crapa M, Al-Rashdi Y, Pucci G Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single Intravenous Doses of JNJ-54452840, an Anti-β1-Adrenergic Receptor Antibody Cyclopeptide, in Healthy Male Japanese and Caucasian Participants
Conclusion JNJ-54452840 demonstrated similar pharmacokinetics in both groups. JNJ-54452840 was possibly immunogenic, and two participants reported thromboembolic serious adverse events. The relationship between these events and antibody formation is not known.
Source: Clinical Pharmacokinetics - August 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Depressive Symptom Frequency and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases—Analysis of Patients in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Although depression has been reported to be associated with various cardiovascular risk factors, whether an association exists between depression and prevalence of cardiovascular events is not well known. In particular, the effect of symptom frequency and cardiovascular events has not been described. Data were collected for patients older than 45 years from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to study whether an association exists between depression and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke. The NHANES d...
Source: American Journal of Therapeutics - September 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cardiac and Hemodynamic Benefits: Mode of Action of Ivabradine in Heart Failure
Abstract Heart failure has seen a number of therapeutic advances in recent years. Despite this, heart failure is still related to increasing rates of morbidity, repeated hospitalizations, and mortality. Ivabradine is a recent treatment option for heart failure. It has a mode of action that includes reduction in heart rate, and leads to improvement in outcomes related to heart failure mortality and morbidity, as demonstrated by the results of the SHIFT trial in patients with systolic heart failure, functional classes II and III on the New York Heart Association classification, and left ventricular ejection fractio...
Source: Advances in Therapy - October 31, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Air Pollution Exposure and Blood Pressure: an Updated Review of the Literature.
Abstract Both high arterial blood pressure (BP) and elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution have been associated with an increased risk for several cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Given that PM2.5 and high BP are each independently leading risk factors for premature mortality worldwide, a potential relationship between these factors would have tremendous public health repercussions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence linking air pollution and BP. Epidemiological findings demonstrate that particulate po...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - November 8, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Giorgini P, Di Giosia P, Grassi D, Rubenfire M, Brook RD, Ferri C Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Omecamtiv mecarbil: a new cardiac myosin activator for the treatment of heart failure.
This study will provide essential dosing information for the requisite phase III trials which will investigate whether the beneficial effects of omecamtiv mecarbil translate into improved clinical outcomes. PMID: 26587768 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs - February 14, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Expert Opin Investig Drugs Source Type: research

Sitagliptin and other 'gliptins'- why prescribe them?
Authors: Doggrell SA, Dimmitt SB Abstract INTRODUCTION: In 2008, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) required all new glucose-lowering therapies to show cardiovascular safety, and this applies to the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors ('gliptins'). At present, there is contradictory evidence on whether the gliptins increase hospitalizations for heart failure. Areas covered: This is an evaluation of the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) in high risk cardiovascular subjects with type 2 diabetes [1]. TECOS demonstrated non-inferiority for sitagliptin over placebo for the primary ...
Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy - February 14, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Expert Opin Pharmacother Source Type: research

Long-term administration of angiotensin (1–7) prevents heart and lung dysfunction in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db) by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and pathological remodeling.
In this study, 8 week-old db/db mice were administered A[1–7] daily via subcutaneous injections. After 16 weeks of treatment, echocardiographic assessment of heart function demonstrated significant improvement in cardiac output, stroke volume and shortening fraction in diabetic animals. A[1–7] also prevented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and decreased diabetes-induced fibrosis and OS in the heart tissue. Treatment with A[1–7] reduced levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to the low grade inflammation observed in diabetes. In addition, lung pathologies associated w...
Source: Pharmacological Research - March 6, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Atypical chest pain in ACS: a trap especially for women.
Abstract Not all acute coronary syndromes (ACS) exhibit the classic symptoms of chest pain. The diagnosis of ACS in patients without typical chest pain is often challenging. These patients are at increased risk for delayed or incorrect diagnosis, less aggressive treatment and high in-hospital mortality. The association between diabetes mellitus and absence of chest pain in ischemic heart disease is established. As well, it is known that women, more frequently than men, have atypical presentation. However, there is a lack of standardization in characterizing the population of patients with ACS and atypical presenta...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - March 8, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ricci B, Cenko E, Varotti E, Puddu PE, Manfrini O Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

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