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Persistence of drug therapy is associated with ischemic stroke and other vascular events in high-risk stroke population
The high-risk stroke populations are significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke or other vascular events. Although proven primary and secondary stroke prevention medications are available, persistent use is required to be effective. However, the persistence of drug therapy and its association with outcomes in the high-risk stroke population have received limited study in China. Hence, according to the China National Stroke Screening Survey (CNSSS) program in 2015, we performed this multicenter population-based cross-sectional survey and prospective cohort study in Sichuan of southwestern China. The residents...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Improved Cognitive Function in the Tromso Study in Norway From 2001 to 2016
Discussion Cognitive results were better in more recent-born birth cohorts compared with earlier born, assessed at the same age. The improvement was present in all cognitive domains, suggesting an overall improvement in cognitive performance. The 80-year-olds assessed in 2015–2016 performed like 60-year-olds assessed in 2001. The improved scores were associated with increased education level, increase in modest drinking frequency, increased physical activity, and, for men, smoking cessation and increased height.
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - December 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Johnsen, B., Strand, B. H., Martinaityte, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Schirmer, H. Tags: Intelligence, Cognitive aging, Cognitive neuropsychology in dementia, Cohort studies, Risk factors in epidemiology Research Source Type: research

Educational Program Improved Senior Preparedness to Call 911 as a Response to Stroke
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in most parts of the world.1 Even though treatment is available, its benefit is highly time-dependent.2,3 Frequently, a minority of patients receive appropriate therapy4 due to low public stroke and heart attack awareness, which leads to delays in medical emergency activation.5 –7
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ekaterina Volevach, Hana Mar šálková, Jan Bobek, Veronika Svobodová, Robert Mikulik Source Type: research

Age and Life-Sustaining Treatment Preferences in Parkinson Disease
Conclusions Advancing age in PD may correlate with paradoxically more aggressive goals as it relates to life-sustaining treatment preferences including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This may reflect a response to heightened concern among older adults with PD about the potential for compromised autonomy in the setting of aging.
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - June 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Jackowiak, E., Szpara, A., Kotagal, V. Tags: Parkinson's disease/Parkinsonism, Palliative care Research Source Type: research

Cognition in the First Year After a Minor Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, or Mimic Event and the Role of Vascular Risk Factors
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that cognitive impairment following a minor stroke or TIA may be attributed to the high prevalence of chronic vascular risk factors in these patients. This highlights the importance of long-term management of vascular risk factors beyond event recovery to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Increased stroke risk (i.e., ABCD2 score) was also associated with reduced cognition, suggesting that it may be helpful in signaling the need for further cognitive evaluation and intervention post-event.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 20, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Correlation Between Intracranial Arterial Calcification and Imaging of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Conclusion: Intracranial artery calcification is common in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the intracranial carotid artery is most frequently affected. Intracranial arterial calcifications might be associated with imaging markers of SVD and are highly correlated with WMHs, lacunes, and CMBs. Quantification of calcification on CT provides additional information on the pathophysiology of SVD. Intracranial arterial calcification could act as a potential marker of SVD. Introduction Atherosclerosis is a systemic vascular process that is considered a major cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular di...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The kynurenine pathway and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. The Hordaland Health Study
ConclusionHigher KTR and neopterin levels, biomarkers of cellular immune activation, were associated with reduced cognitive performance, implying an association between the innate immune system, memory, and language.
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - October 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Smoking and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Men Brief Report
We examined the dose–response relationship between the quantity of cigarettes smoked and the odds of developing an ischemic stroke in men under age 50 years.Methods—The Stroke Prevention in Young Men Study is a population-based case–control study of risk factors for ischemic stroke in men ages 15 to 49 years. The χ2 test was used to test categorical comparisons. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio for ischemic stroke occurrence comparing current and former smokers to never smokers. In the first model, we adjusted solely for age. In the second model, we adjusted for potential confounding ...
Source: Stroke - April 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Janina Markidan, John W. Cole, Carolyn A. Cronin, Jose G. Merino, Michael S. Phipps, Marcella A. Wozniak, Steven J. Kittner Tags: Epidemiology, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Secondary Prevention, Ischemic Stroke Brief Reports Source Type: research

Functional Trajectories, Cognition, and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—PI-SBI moderated the association between cognition and functional trajectories, with 3-fold greater decline among those with PI-SBI (compared with no PI-SBI) and normal baseline cognition. This highlights the strong and independent association between subclinical markers and patient-centered trajectories over time.
Source: Stroke - February 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Mandip S. Dhamoon, Ying-Kuen Cheung, Jose Gutierrez, Yeseon P. Moon, Ralph L. Sacco, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Clinton B. Wright Tags: Epidemiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research

Predictive Variables of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Lupus (P1.340)
Conclusions:Duration of disease and low educational level are predictors of CD in patients with SLE. Depression and anxiety did not influence cognitive performance. Although cardiovascular comorbidity is a risk factor for dementia in general population, those variables might play a minor role in SLE patients.Study Supported by:Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant #2015/08833-7) supported this study.Disclosure: Dr. Alessi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dutra Antonio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maria has nothing...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Alessi, H., Dutra, L. A., Maria, L., Xavier, P., Couce, P., Kayser, C., Barsottini, O. Tags: CNS Inflammatory Diseases and Differential Diagnosis I Source Type: research

A Brief Dementia Screening Test in South Africa: Results from the Health and Aging Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH community (HAALSI) (P4.191)
Conclusions:There is a potentially protective and long-lasting impact of secondary school education on cognitive status later in life in this setting. Using a brief screening test in this relatively poor cohort of older South Africans, patterns of low cognition are similar to those in the USA and other countries.Study Supported by:The National Institute on Aging at the National Institute of Health (NIH) (1P01AG041710-01A1; 1R01AG051144–01; 3U54HG006938-03S1). F. Mateen is supported by a subgrant of P30AG024409 from the NIH for the Harvard Center for Global Demography and Aging. The Agincourt HDSS was supported by the...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Mateen, F., Jennings, E., Montana, L., Wagner, R., Kahn, K., Tollman, S., Berkman, L. Tags: Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology: Neurodegenerative Disorders Source Type: research

Specificities of Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors in Arab-Speaking Countries
Background: Stroke is largely preventable, and therefore, a better understanding of risk factors is an essential step in reducing the population stroke rate and resulting disease burden in Arab countries.Summary: We performed 2 separate analyses in 2 similar populations of patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. This first involved 3,635 patients in the Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease (OPTIC) registry (followed for 2 years), with baseline collection of the usual risk factors and 5 socioeconomic variables (unemployment status, residence in rural area, living in fully serviced accommodation,...
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Smoking is Associated with All-Cause Mortality after Stroke (P1.121)
Conclusions: Stroke survivors who continue to smoke are nearly 2.5 times more likely to die of all causes compared to those who never smoked and nearly twice as likely to die of all causes compared to former smokers. These findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation counseling in order to improve outcomes after stroke.Disclosure: Dr. MacCallum has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lekoubou Looti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ovbiagele has nothing to disclose. Dr. Markovic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Towfighi has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: MacCallum, H., Lekoubou Looti, A., Ovbiagele, B., Markovic, D., Towfighi, A. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Household Secondhand Smoke Exposure Confers Higher Stroke Risk and Poorer Stroke Prognosis (S42.005)
CONCLUSIONS: Household SHS is associated with a 1.5-fold increase in stroke risk and a 2-fold increase in mortality after stroke among never-smokers. While prospective studies are needed to assess causality, this study highlights the importance of obtaining SHS exposure history and counseling patients and their families on the potential impact of SHS on post-stroke outcomes.Disclosure: Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ovbiagele has nothing to disclose. Dr. Markovic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Towfighi has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - February 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Lin, M., Ovbiagele, B., Markovic, D., Towfighi, A. Tags: Stroke Mechanism and Modifiers Source Type: research

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