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Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke
Publication date: Available online 30 April 2015 Source:Personalized Medicine Universe Author(s): Yoshiji Yamada Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke are important clinical problems because they are associated with high mortality rates. The main causal and treatable risk factors of CAD and ischemic stroke include hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and smoking. In addition, recent studies have highlighted the importance of genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the development of CAD and ischemic stroke. Disease prevention is an important strat...
Source: Personalized Medicine Universe - May 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dabigatran Reversal with Idarucizumab Preceding Thrombolysis in an Octogenarian Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Stroke: a Case Report.
CONCLUSION: Our case showed the effectiveness and safety of giving Idarucizumab followed by thrombolysis in Dabigatran-treated atrial fibrillation with ischemic stroke. Based on this case, the procedure can be performed in an elderly population with chronic kidney disease when administered close to the limit of threshold for thrombolysis. PMID: 32778345 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - August 6, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Laxamana LC, Co COC, Yu JRT, Mojica CV, Iboleon-Dy MAM, Domingo AMC, Ilano KCS, Macrohon-Valdez MCZ Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Thromboxane A < sub > 2 < /sub > receptor antagonist (ONO-8809) attenuates renal disorders caused by salt overload in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
In this study, we focused on evaluating the histological and gene expression effects in the kidneys of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) with a high salt intake and the thromboxane A2 / prostaglandin H2 receptor (TPR) blocker ONO-8809. Six-week-old SHRSPs aged 6 weeks, were divided into three groups and were fed normal chow containing 0.4% NaCl, 2.0%NaCl, or 2.0%NaCl +ONO-8809 (0.6 mg/kg p.o. daily). Histological analyses with immunohistochemistry and a gene expression assay with a DNA kidney microarray were performed after eight weeks. The following changes were observed in SHRSPs with the high salt int...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - June 21, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yusuke Nagatani Toshihide Higashino Kosho Kinoshita Hideaki Higashino Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Event Rates After Myocardial Infarction or Ischaemic Stroke in Patients with Additional Risk Factors: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study
ConclusionDespite previous use of moderate- or high-intensity statins, patients with a history of MI or IS, and additional risk factors remain at very high cardiovascular risk.
Source: Advances in Therapy - July 26, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants for non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study in primary healthcare in Catalonia
Conclusion: Being men, a previous event and DOAC-switch posed a higher risk for all study outcomes. direct oral anticoagulants had a protective effect against cerebral bleeding in comparison to vitamin K antagonists. Adherence to direct oral anticoagulants resulted in lower risk of stroke and cerebral bleeding. We found no differences in the risk of stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding when we compared direct oral anticoagulants vs. vitamin K antagonists.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 15, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dabigatran and vitamin K antagonists ’ use in naïve patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional study of primary care-based electronic health records
ConclusionsMost patients recently diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation initiated treatment with VKA. Primary healthcare patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation initiating dabigatran are younger, had a lower risk of stroke or bleeding, fewer comorbidity and more history of stroke and intracranial haemorrhage compared to those who were initiated on VKA.
Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology - July 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic outcomes in the direct oral anticoagulant trials across the spectrum of kidney function.
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity among patients taking direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Herein, we evaluate the influence of kidney function on Stroke/SEE, hemorrhage and composite endpoints (Stroke/SEE/hemorrhage/death and Stroke/SEE/death) among patients on DOACs and warfarin. Baseline kidney function was categorized as GFR≥60 (reference), 45-59 and <45ml/min/1.73m2 for participants in the RE-LY (n=18,049), ARISTOTLE (n=18,187), and ENGAGE AF (n=20,798) trials. Incidence of events was compared across GFR categories. Hazard ratios for events was estimated using Cox regr...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 5, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Limdi NA, Beasley TM, Sun J, Stockbridge N, Pacanowski M, Florian J Tags: Clin Pharmacol Ther Source Type: research

Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs Warfarin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
ConclusionsIn pooled, analyzed randomized controlled trials and observational studies, DOACs were associated with better efficacy in early CKD, as well as similar efficacy and safety outcomes to warfarin in patients with CKD stages 4 –5 or dialysis patients. The results of patients with CKD stages 4–5 and dialysis patients were from observational studies. Well-designed randomized controlled trials focused on DOAC use in patients with CKD and dialysis patients are needed.PROSPERO register number: CRD42020150599, 6 February, 2020.
Source: Clinical Drug Investigation - March 11, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Morbidity and Pure Red Cell Aplasia Associated With Epoetin Theta Therapy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective, Noninterventional, Multicenter Cohort Study.
Abstract PURPOSE: The European Medicines Agency recommends limiting the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration to 10 to 12 g/dL in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as epoetin theta. This postauthorization study assessed the incidence and intensity of cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke, in patients receiving epoetin theta for anemia associated with CKD. A secondary end point was adverse drug reactions, including pure red cell aplasia. METHODS: In this prospective, noninterventional, multinational cohort study, consecutive patients with advanced or e...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - December 18, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lammerich A, Balcke P, Bias P, Mangold S, Wiesholzer M Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Contemporary Drug Treatment of Hypertension: Focus on Recent Guidelines
AbstractThe 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guidelines diagnose hypertension if systolic blood pressure (SBP) is  ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is ≥ 80 mmHg. Increased BP is SBP 120–129 mmHg with DBP <  80 mmHg. Lifestyle measures should be used to treat individuals with increased BP. Lifestyle measures plus BP-lowering drugs should be used for secondary prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in individuals with clinical cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, congestive heart fa ilure, or stroke) and an average SBP ≥ 1...
Source: Drugs - March 13, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban Versus Warfarin in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.
Conclusion and Relevance: Patients with advanced CKD taking apixaban had similar bleeding rates at 3 months compared with those taking warfarin. However, those who continued therapy had higher major bleeding rates with warfarin between 6 and 12 months. This study provides knowledge on the effects of a direct oral anticoagulant in a population that was excluded from all major trials. PMID: 29871510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - June 1, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Schafer JH, Casey AL, Dupre KA, Staubes BA Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

The problem of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the risk of multiple life-threatening complications such as: progression to chronic renal failure and cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease. Also, atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in this group of patients. Factors contributing to the occurrence of AF in patients undergoing dialysis include: age, presence of coronary heart disease, echocardiographic abnormalities (low ejection fraction, atrial enlargement, valvular calcification, left ventricular hypertrophy), heart failure, chronic obstructi...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - January 15, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Franczyk B, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Banach M, Rysz J Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

The impact of SPRINT on the future treatment of hypertension: a mini review.
Authors: Chrysant SG Abstract Blood pressure (BP) control is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and U.S. treatment guidelines in 2003 and 2007 recommended a BP reduction to <140/90 mmHg for uncomplicated hypertension and to <130/80 mmHg for hypertension complicated by CAD, diabetes mellitus (DM) or CKD. In hopes of further decreasing the adverse effects of hypertension, more aggressive lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was tested. However, this aggressive control of SBP did not materialize in additional cardiac ...
Source: Drugs of Today - May 19, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Drugs Today (Barc) Source Type: research

Factors associated with abrupt discontinuation of dabigatran therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in Malaysia
Conclusion Abrupt dabigatran discontinuation without an alternative oral anticoagulant increases the risk of thromboembolic events. As adverse drug events and renal impairment contribute substantially to the premature discontinuation of dabigatran, it is important to identify and monitor patients at risk to reduce dabigatran discontinuation rate especially during the first six months of dabigatran therapy.
Source: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - September 21, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

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