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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Emergency electroencephalogram: Usefulness in the diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus by the on-call neurologist
Conclusions Our experience finds that, in an appropriate clinical context, EmEEG performed by the on-call neurologist is a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing NCSE.
Source: Neurologia - January 9, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Microglial Interaction with the Neurovascular System in Physiology and Pathology
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurobiology - January 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaoliang Zhao, Ukpong B. Eyo, Madhuvika Murguan, Long ‐Jun Wu Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Microglial interactions with the neurovascular system in physiology and pathology
ABSTRACT Microglia as immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) play significant roles not only in pathology but also in physiology, such as shaping of the CNS during development and its proper maintenance in maturity. Emerging research is showing a close association between microglia and the neurovasculature that is critical for brain energy supply. In this review, we summarize the current literature on microglial interaction with the vascular system in the normal and diseased brain. First, we highlight data that indicate interesting potential involvement of microglia in developmental angiogenesis. Then we discuss ...
Source: Journal of Neurobiology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaoliang Zhao, Ukpong B. Eyo, Madhuvika Murugan, Long ‐Jun Wu Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Multiple Thrombi in the Heart in Trousseau Syndrome Caused by Pancreatic Carcinoma
A 65-year-old woman presented to our emergency room because of sudden onset of right hemiparesis with severe fatigue. Neurological examination revealed right hemiparesis with right facial numbness and an extensor planter response on the right side.Magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging revealed multiple highintensity areas in both cerebral hemispheres and the right cerebellum. A diagnosis of acute stage of multiple brain infarctions caused by emboli was made. An abdominal computed tomography showed a pancreatic tumor with multiple liver metastases.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Sho Takeshita, Toshiyasu Ogata, Hidekazu Mera, Jun Tsugawa, Mikiko Aoki, Morishige Takeshita, Yoshio Tsuboi Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Raloxifene, a promising estrogen replacement, limits TDP-25 cell death by enhancing autophagy and suppressing apoptosis.
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, and at present, therapies for ALS are limited. Estrogen is a potential therapeutic agent for ALS but has undesirable effects that might increase the risk of breast and uterine cancers or stroke. Raloxifene (Ral) has estrogenic properties but does not exhibit these adverse effects. However, the mechanism of Ral in ALS has not been studied. We thus investigated the effects of Ral in an NSC34 model of ALS that stably expresses the 25-kDa C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 (i.e., TDP-25 cells) and found that GPR30 (G protein-coup...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - May 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhou F, Dong H, Liu Y, Yan L, Sun C, Hao P, Liu Y, Zhai J, Liu Y Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Isosteviol sodium injection improves outcomes by modulating TLRs/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats
Previous studies have shown that isosteviol sodium (STVNa) protects against permanent cerebral ischemia injury by inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory responses. Overwhelming evidence shows that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the upstream regulators of NF-κB. On the basis of the similarity of the pathology caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, we speculated that STVNa may have a therapeutic effect against TBI through regulation of the TLRs/NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory response. Thus, we studied the potential therapeutic effec...
Source: NeuroReport - June 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research

CK2 inhibition confers functional protection to young and aging axons against ischemia by differentially regulating the CDK5 and AKT signaling pathways.
Abstract White matter (WM) is injured in most strokes, which contributes to functional deficits during recovery. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a protein kinase that is expressed in brain, including WM. To assess the impact of CK2 inhibition on axon recovery following oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), mouse optic nerves (MONs), which are pure WM tracts, were subjected to OGD with or without the selective CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. CX-4945 application preserved axon function during OGD and promoted axon function recovery when applied before or after OGD. This protective effect of CK2 inhibition correlated with preservation o...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - June 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Bastian C, Quinn J, Tripathi A, Aquila D, Dutta AMR, Baltan S, Brunet S Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Yawning in neurology: a review
ABSTRACT Yawning is a stereotyped physiological behavior that can represent a sign or symptom of several conditions, such as stroke, parakinesia brachialis oscitans, parkinsonism, Parkinson ’ s disease and epilepsy. More rarely, it can occur in patients with intracranial hypertension, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, migraine, Chiari malformation type I, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Drug-induced yawning is an uncommon clinical condition and yawning in patients with autism or schizophrenia is very rare. The aim of this review is to describe in detail the occurrence of the phenomenon in such conditions, and its ’ p...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - July 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Time dependent neuroprotection of dexamethasone in experimental focal cerebral ischemia: the involvement of NF- κB pathways.
Time dependent neuroprotection of dexamethasone in experimental focal cerebral ischemia: the involvement of NF-κB pathways. Brain Res. 2018 Sep 21;: Authors: Sun WH, He F, Zhang NN, Zhao ZA, Chen HS Abstract We propose that the neuroprotective effect of glucocorticoid in ischemic damage may be time dependent. The present study was designed to test the proposal and its possible mechanismin cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model. Reperfusion injury was induced after 120 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Atdifferenttimepoints after MCAO, rats were ...
Source: Brain Research - September 21, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Sun WH, He F, Zhang NN, Zhao ZA, Chen HS Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Neural correlates of improvements in personality and behavior following a neurological event
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017Source: NeuropsychologiaAuthor(s): Marcie L. King, Kenneth Manzel, Joel Bruss, Daniel TranelAbstractResearch on changes in personality and behavior following brain damage has focused largely on negative outcomes, such as increased irritability, moodiness, and social inappropriateness. However, clinical observations suggest that some patients may actually show positive personality and behavioral changes following a neurological event. In the current work, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of positive personality and behavioral changes following a discrete neurologi...
Source: Neuropsychologia - November 6, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Valproic acid and epilepsy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical evidences.
Abstract After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the most efficient antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a very broad spectrum of actions, including the regulation of ionic currents and the facilitation of GABAergic over glutamatergic transmission. As a result, VPA indirectly modulates neurotransmitter release and strengthens the threshold for seizure activity. However, even though participating to the anticonvulsant action, such mechanisms seem to have minor impact on epileptogenesis. Nonetheless, VPA has been reported to exer...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - December 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Romoli M, Mazzocchetti P, D'Alonzo R, Siliquini S, Rinaldi VE, Verrotti A, Calabresi P, Costa C Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

A 23-Year-Old Woman with Sudden-Onset Blindness of the Right Eye
A 23-year-woman was presented for sudden-onset monocular blindness. Branch retinal artery occlusion in the right eye and multiple brain embolism were detected. Trousseau syndrome due to bilateral ovarian cancer was diagnosed; no embolic events were observed after anticoagulant therapy and surgical resection.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yosuke Takeuchi, Keiichi Nakahara, Makoto Nakajima, Yasuteru Inoue, Riyo Matsumura, Munekage Yamaguchi, Hidetaka Katabuchi, Yukio Ando Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Pre-injury Comorbidities Are Associated With Functional Impairment and Post-concussive Symptoms at 3- and 6-Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Conclusions: Pre-injury psychiatric and pre-injury headache/migraine symptoms are risk factors for worse functional and post-concussive outcomes at 3- and 6-months post-mTBI. mTBI patients presenting to acute care should be evaluated for psychiatric and headache/migraine history, with lower thresholds for providing TBI education/resources, surveillance, and follow-up/referrals. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01565551. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013 ~2.8 million TBI cases were recorded an...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that PD is associated with an increase of CRP levels. CRP might be a risk factor for PD or PD leads to an inflammatory response. Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most complex neuro-degenerative disorders next to Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, abnormal postural, and gait (1). PD has been recognized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta, whereas the exact etiology remains elusive (2). Previously, multiple inferences have reviewed the environmental a...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research