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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Stroke
Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor zileuton reduces inflammation and infarct size with improvement in neurological outcome following cerebral ischemia.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blocking 5-LOX activity in a murine model of transient and global brain ischemia. Zileuton improved neurological deficits and significantly decrease volume and density of lesion, compared to vehicle-ischemic animals measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the blockage of 5-LOX reduced infarct area and histopathological changes. Furthermore, by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) increased brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand...
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - August 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Silva BC, de Miranda AS, Rodrigues FG, Silveira AL, de Souza Resende GH, Moraes MF, de Oliveira AC, Parreiras PM, da Silva Barcelos L, Teixeira MM, Machado FS, Teixeira AL, Rachid MA Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research

Clematichinenoside protects blood brain barrier against ischemic stroke superimposed on systemic inflammatory challenges through up-regulating A20
In conclusion, AR alleviated cerebral inflammatory injury through A20-NF-κB signal pathway, offering an alternative medication for stroke associated with systemic inflammatory diseases.
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - July 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clematichinenoside protects blood brain barrier against ischemic stroke superimposed on systemic inflammatory challenges through up-regulating A20.
In conclusion, AR alleviated cerebral inflammatory injury through A20-NF-κB signal pathway, offering an alternative medication for stroke associated with systemic inflammatory diseases. PMID: 26231971 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - July 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Han D, Fang W, Zhang R, Wei J, Kodithuwakku ND, Sha L, Ma W, Liu L, Li F, Li Y Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Therapeutically Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Corrects Myogenic Reactivity in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Vascular smooth muscle cell TNFα and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling significantly enhance cerebral artery tone in SAH; anti-TNFα and anti–sphingosine-1-phosphate treatment may significantly improve clinical outcome.
Source: Stroke - July 27, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Yagi, K., Lidington, D., Wan, H., Fares, J. C., Meissner, A., Sumiyoshi, M., Ai, J., Foltz, W. D., Nedospasov, S. A., Offermanns, S., Nagahiro, S., Macdonald, R. L., Bolz, S.-S. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, Brain Circulation and Metabolism, Other Stroke Treatment - Medical, Other Vascular biology Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Sur1-Trpm4 Cation Channel Expression in Human Cerebral Infarcts
We examined Trpm4 expression in postmortem brain specimens from 15 patients who died within the first 31 days of the onset of focal cerebral ischemia. We found increased Trpm4 protein expression in all cases using immunohistochemistry; transcriptional upregulation was confirmed using in situ hybridization of Trpm4 messenger RNA. Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 colocalized and coassociated with Sur1 within ischemic endothelial cells and neurons. Coexpression of Sur1 and Trpm4 in necrotic endothelial cells was also associated with vasogenic edema indicated by upregulated perivascular tumor necrosis factor, extravas...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - July 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Chronic Metformin Preconditioning Provides Neuroprotection via Suppression of NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Pathway in Rats with Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic preconditioning with metformin conferred neuroprotection via suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory pathway. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or metformin (50 mg/kg daily, i.p.) for 3 weeks and were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). At 24 h (acute phase) and 96 h (subacute phase) after pMCAO, infarct volume and neurological deficits were evaluated. Meanwhile, the activity of NF-κB and the levels of its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected at 24 h after pMCAO. Our results...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A cross-sectional evaluation of home health service in patients with chronic neurologic diseases in a province of Turkey
In this study, we aimed to compare patients’ characteristics, comorbid risk factors, medical supplies, and caregivers’ demographics between stroke patients and patients with other chronic neurological diseases receiving home health services. In our study, between November 2013 and March 2014, chronic neurological disease (CND) patients having home health services were enrolled in the study. During patient visits, patients were assessed by the questionnaire comprising the modified Rankin scale (mRS), Barthel index, Zarit caregiver burden scale, and mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Stroke patients were classified as Gr...
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica - July 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Silencing of Id2 attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
This study was aimed to investigate whether knockdown of Id2 in neuronal cells could protect them from hypoxic and ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to assess neuronal apoptosis in CoCl2-treated neuroblastoma B35 cells engineered to overexpress or knockdown Id2 expression. In vivo knockdown of Id2 was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracerebroventricular injection of Cy3-labeled and cholesterol-modified Id2-siRNA. We found that knockdown of Id2 attenuated H/I-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro while overexpression of Id2 produced an opposite effect. In a rat mo...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Guo L, Yang X, Lin X, Lin Y, Shen L, Nie Q, Ren L, Guo Q, Que S, Qiu Y Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Normal neuronal firing may spark brain tumor growth
Using human brain tumor samples, scientists have discovered that normal patterns of nerve cell firing may enhance the growth of cancer cells. They also found that, neuroligin-3 (NLGN3), a gene known to be important for brain cell communication, may influence tumor growth and patient survival, making it a potential new target for therapy. The study, published in Cell, was partially funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - June 16, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

Late cerebrovascular complications after radiotherapy for childhood primary central nervous system tumors
The management and prognosis of childhood primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST) improved significantly in the last decades. In certain types of childhood PCNST, brain radiotherapy (RT) is valuable treatment option 1, 2, 3. Regardless of RT optimization, damage to surrounding normal brain tissue still occurs 3. Indeed, RT is an established cause of endothelial dysfunction 4 and a risk factor for late cerebrovascular complications (LCCs) such as cavernoma, moyamoya syndrome, microbleeds and stroke 2, 5-13.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - June 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: João Passos, Hipólito Nzwalo, Joana Marques, Ana Azevedo, Eduardo Netto, Sofia Nunes, Duarte Salgado Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Serum hepcidin concentrations correlate with serum iron level and outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Abstract Iron plays a detrimental role in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain damage, while hepcidin is the most important iron-regulated hormone. Here, we investigate the association between serum hepcidin and serum iron, outcome in patients with ICH. Serum samples of 81 cases with ICH were obtained on consecutive days to detect the levels of hepcidin, iron, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) was measured at admission and on days 7 and 30, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was evaluated at 3 months after IC...
Source: Neurological Sciences - May 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Hemorrhagic Stroke.
Abstract Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has evolved considerably over the last decade to now be knocking on the doors of wider clinical applications. There have been several efforts over the last decade to seek valuable and reliable application of DTI in different neurological disorders. The role of DTI in predicting outcomes in patients with brain tumors has been extensively studied and has become a fairly established clinical tool in this scenario. More recently DTI has been applied in mild traumatic brain injury to predict clinical outcomes based on DTI of the white matter tracts. The resolution of white matter...
Source: Experimental Neurology - May 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Chaudhary N, Pandey AS, Gemmete JJ, Hua Y, Huang Y, Gu Y, Xi G Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Chronic Elevation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Mediates the Impairment of Leptomeningeal Arteriogenesis in db/db Mice Basic Sciences
Conclusions— These results indicate that leptomeningeal arteriogenesis is impaired in db/db mice and that suppression of the tumor necrosis factor-α response to hypoperfusion is the major contributing factor.
Source: Stroke - May 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Yukami, T., Yagita, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Oyama, N., Watanabe, A., Sasaki, T., Sakaguchi, M., Mochizuki, H., Kitagawa, K. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Type 2 diabetes, Other Vascular biology Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Study points to possible treatment for lethal pediatric brain cancer
Using brain tumor samples collected from children in the United States and Europe, an international team of scientists found that the drug panobinostat and similar gene regulating drugs may be effective at treating diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), an aggressive and lethal form of pediatric cancer.
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - May 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

A rare case of transient ischemic attacks and acute ischemic stroke from left intracranial arteries encased in meningioma. (P1.021)
CONCLUSIONS:Compression of the intracranial blood vessel is a rare complication of meningioma which can result in TIAs and ischemic stroke.Disclosure: Dr. Tantikittichaikul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Laengvejkal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eldokla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Tantikittichaikul, S., Laengvejkal, P., Eldokla, A., Kim, J. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Case Reports Source Type: research