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TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes
In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment. Introduction The homeostasis of humoral immunity requires a tight control of generation, survival, activation and maturation of B lymphocytes. Therefore, pro-survival and pro-apo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Oligonucleotides —A Novel Promising Therapeutic Option for IBD
Conclusions In this review, we focused on recent and past approaches to test the therapeutic efficacy of oligonucleotide based therapies in IBD. The combining mechanistic mode of oligonucleotide based therapeutics is a targeted action on specific pro-inflammatory molecules, which are over activated in IBD patients and contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis. The proposed high selectivity of the agents is derived from its mode of action, that aims to specifically block certain inflammatory molecular patterns, without a general systemic effect on other molecular targets. It would be important for each oligonucleot...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
Conclusions World population is aging and the increase in life expectancy is often unhealthy. In particular, musculoskeletal aging, which leads to sarcopenia and osteoporosis, has several causes such as changes in body composition, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance. Sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and more frequently, sarcopenic obesity are commonly associated with aging and frequently closely linked each other, often leading to the development of a frailty syndrome. Frailty syndrome favors an increased risk of loss function in daily activities, for cardiovascular diseases, cancers, falls, and mortality. As the number of eld...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Focused Ultrasound Improves NK-92MI Cells Infiltration Into Tumors
Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated that the combination of FUS and microbubbles could increase the NK-92MI cells’ infiltration into tumors in this study. The combination of FUS and NK-92MI had a much better therapeutic effect when compared with the PBS group, but no superior therapeutic effect when compared with the NK-92MI group. In total, FUS and microbubbles can improve NK cells’ infiltration into tumors, but future work is still needed to improve NK-92MI cells’ delivery efficiency for solid tumor treatment. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cellular Immune Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 6123) and the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee (REC ref. 11/10/1760, IRAS ID: 77765), with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the LSHTM Research Ethics Committee and the NRES London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee. Author Contributions JC, HD, LN, EL, and ER devised the study ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Beyond CAR T Cells: Other Cell-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Cancer
Conclusions: CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review. Introduction Chimeric antigen receptors and engineered T cell receptors (based on previously identified high affinity T cell receptors) function by redirecting T cells to a predefined tumor-specific (or tumor-associated) target. Most of these modifications use retroviral or lentiviral vectors to integrate the construct, and most of the receptors ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

A Bidirectional Label Propagation Based Computational Model for Potential Microbe-Disease Association Prediction
Discussion There are numerous microbial communities inhabited in the human body, which is critical to human health. The relationship between human microbiome and diseases received much attention from both medical and bioinformatics community recently. However, traditional methods to detect their association is costly and labor-intensive. Thus, we proposed here a new computational model called NBLPIHMDA to infer potential microbe-disease associations. NBLPIHMDA first combined known microbe-disease associations in HMDAD and the Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity to construct disease similarity network and microb...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 8, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A Genetic Study of Ulcerative Colitis.
Authors: Binder V, Weeke E, Olsen JH, Anthonisen P, Rus P Abstract A group of 152 patients with a verified diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (including haemorrhagic proctitis) was compared with a control group with an identical sex ratio, age, and social class distribution. All patients attended an ulcerative colitis out-patient clinic, and had been examined and followed by the members of the team. By the use of questionnaires information was gathered concerning familial incidence of the following diseases: ulcerative colitis, regional ileitis, cancer of the colon and rectum, allergic diseases of the immediate type (...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology - December 3, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Scand J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Extensive scheduled CT and CEA follow-up are equivalent in detecting recurrent colorectal cancer that is surgically treatable with curative intent, and superior to minimal follow up
Commentary on: Primrose JN, Perera R, Gray A, et al.; FACS Trial Investigators. Effect of 3 to 5 years of scheduled CEA and CT follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer: the FACS randomised clinical trial. JAMA 2014;311:263–70. Context Recurrence after attempted curative colorectal cancer surgery remains problematic with up to 50% developing metastases by 5 years.1 More aggressive surgical approaches likely improve prognosis,2 and there is a reasonable assumption that early detection by intensive patient follow-up improves outcomes. Two meta-analysis suggest regular measurement of carcinoembryonic anti...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - July 18, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Taylor, S. A. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Screening (oncology), Radiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics) Prevention Source Type: research

18F-FDG PET/CT of a rectal carcinoma and a sigmoid adenoma
Introduction Positron-emission tomography (PET) with intravenously injected 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) provides ‘functional’ images of cellular glucose metabolism (FDG-PET). Integrated CT provides additional ‘anatomical’ images of the body’s X-ray attenuation (FDG-PET/CT).1 For diagnosis, FDG-avid foci are visually identified on the PET images, their 18F-FDG uptake can be semiquantitatively measured for instance by the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), and the foci are matched to anatomical structures using the coregistered CT images.1 Some 18F-FDG is also excreted by the urina...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - October 15, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Menke, J., Schaefer, I.-M., Sahlmann, C. O. Tags: Endoscopy, Journalology, Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer, Lung cancer (oncology), Screening (oncology), Radiology, Lung cancer (respiratory medicine), Surgical diagnostic tests, Gastrointestinal surgery, General surgery, Radiology (diagnostic Source Type: research