Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Test Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs in the Context of an HIV Outbreak
In conclusion, progress in increasing testing in response to the HIV outbreak has been eroded by COVID-19. Adoption of a linked data approach could be warranted in other settings to inform efforts to eliminate HIV transmission. (Source: AIDS and Behavior)
Source: AIDS and Behavior - April 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine with rearranged genome replicates < i > in vitro < /i > and induces immune response in mice
by Irina Tretyakova, Joongho Joh, Mary Gearon, Jennifer Kraenzle, Sidney Goedeker, Ava Pignataro, Brian Alejandro, Igor S. Lukashevich, Donghoon Chung, Peter Pushko
Chikungunya fever virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes wide-spread human infections and epidemics in Asia, Africa and recently, in the Americas. CHIKV is considered a priority pathogen by CEPI and WHO. Despite recent approval of a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine, development of additional vaccines is warranted due to the worldwide outbreaks of CHIKV. Previously, we developed immunization DNA (iDNA) plasmid capable of launching live-attenuated...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 22, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Irina Tretyakova Source Type: research
Genomic characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Islamabad, Pakistan, during an outbreak in 2022-2023
In this study, conducted at the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, during an outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) from December 2022 to January 2023, the first whole-genome sequences of hRSV isolates from Islamabad, Pakistan, were determined. Out of 10 positive samples, five were sequenced, revealing the presence of two genotypes: RSV-A (GA2.3.5, ON1 strain) and RSV-B (GB5.0.5.a, BA-10 strain). A rare non-synonymous substitution (E232G) in G the protein and N276S in the F protein were found in RSV-A. In RSV-B, the unique mutations K191R, Q209R, and I206M were found in the F protein. These mutations co...
Source: Archives of Virology - April 22, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Updates to Disaster Management Strategies for CDC Category A Bioterrorism Agents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to provide current suggestions for a system-based response to a bioterrorism attack and discuss treatment options for CDC category A bioterrorism agents.Recent FindingsVaccines for anthrax andY. pestis are being developed, but they are not rapidly available in the USA. Vaccine distribution methodology for the recent M-pox outbreak was used that the smallpox vaccine could utilize. Two antibody therapies and one vaccine are available for Ebola but not for other viral hemorrhagic fever diseases. Recent health system stressors encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic are likel...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - April 22, 2024 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 648: Sosuga Virus Detected in Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Sierra Leone
ustus Osborne
Emmanuel Saidu
Jonathan A. Musa
Doris F. Bangura
Sammuel M. T. Williams
George M. Fefegula
Christian Sumaila
Juliet Jabaty
Fatmata H. James
Amara Jambai
Kate Garnett
Thomas F. Kamara
Jonathan S. Towner
Aiah Lebbie
Sosuga virus (SOSV), a rare human pathogenic paramyxovirus, was first discovered in 2012 when a person became ill after working in South Sudan and Uganda. During an ecological investigation, several species of bats were sampled and tested for SOSV RNA and only one species, the Egyptian rousette bat (ERBs; Rousettus aegyptiacus), tested positive. Since that time, multipl...
Source: Viruses - April 22, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Brian R. Amman Alusine H. Koroma Amy J. Schuh Immah Conteh Tara K. Sealy Ibrahim Foday Jonathan Johnny Ibrahim A. Bakarr Shannon L. M. Whitmer Emily A. Wright Aiah A. Gbakima James Graziano Camilla Bangura Emmanuel Kamanda Augustus Osborne Emmanuel Saidu Tags: Article Source Type: research
Arbovirus - a threat to transfusion safety in Spain: a narrative review
Med Clin (Barc). 2024 Apr 19:S0025-7753(24)00166-0. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.028. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTArboviruses represent a threat to transfusion safety for several reasons: the presence of vectors and the notification of autochthonous cases in our region, the recent increase in the number of cases transmitted through blood and/or blood component transfusion, the high prevalence rates of RNA of the main arboviruses in asymptomatic blood donors, and their ability to survive processing and storage in the different blood components. In an epidemic outbreak caused by an arbovirus in our region, transfusion cen...
Source: Medicina Clinica - April 20, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ángel Giménez-Richarte Cristina Arbona Casta ño Jos é-Manuel Ramos-Rincón Source Type: research
Marine sulfated glycans inhibit the interaction of heparin with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB variant
AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, leading to 6.8 million deaths. Numerous variants have emerged since its outbreak, resulting in its significantly enhanced ability to spread among humans. As with many other viruses, SARS‑CoV‑2 utilizes heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the surface of host cells to facilitate viral attachment an d initiate cellular entry through the ACE2 receptor. Therefore, interfering with virion-HS interactions represents a promising target to develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Sulfated glycan...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - April 20, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Rapid molecular epidemiology investigations into two recent measles outbreaks in Israel detected from October 2023 to January 2024
In this study, we validate transmission pathways uncovered by epidemiological investigations using a rapid molecular approach, based on complete measles virus genomes. The presented findings support this rapid molecular approach in complementing conventional contact tracing and highlight its potential for informing public health interventions.PMID:38639095 | PMC:PMC11027474 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.16.2400202 (Source: Euro Surveill)
Source: Euro Surveill - April 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Efrat Bucris Victoria Indenbaum Tal Levin Yara Kanaaneh Keren Friedman Tatyana Kushnir Rivka Sheffer Michal Savion Matanelle Salama Noa Di-Castro Kozita Labay Maya Butera Baraah Shihada Zohar Mor Yaniv Lustig Neta S Zuckerman Source Type: research
Emergence of OXA-48-producing < em > Klebsiella pneumoniae < /em > in Lithuania, 2023: a multi-cluster, multi-hospital outbreak
Euro Surveill. 2024 Apr;29(16):2400188. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.16.2400188.ABSTRACTIn 2023, an increase of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was noticed by the Lithuanian National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 106 OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae isolates revealed three distinct clusters of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae high-risk clones, including sequence type (ST) 45 (n = 35 isolates), ST392 (n = 32) and ST395 (n = 28), involving six, six and nine hospitals in different regions, respectively. These results enabled targeted investigation and control, and under...
Source: Euro Surveill - April 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Paulius Grei čius Marius Linkevicius Jelena Razmuk Jekaterina Sinotova Erik Alm Olov Svartstr öm Valeria Bortolaia Egl ė Kudirkienė Louise Roer Rene S Hendriksen Gabija Tamoli ūnaitė Daniel Palm Dominique L Monnet Anke Kohlenberg Algirdas Gri škevi Source Type: research
Multiple introductions of monkeypox virus to Ireland during the international mpox outbreak, May 2022 to October 2023
ConclusionWe provide insights into the international transmission dynamics supporting multiple introductions of MPXV into Ireland. Such information supported the implementation of evidence-informed public health control measures.PMID:38639093 | PMC:PMC11027473 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.16.2300505 (Source: Euro Surveill)
Source: Euro Surveill - April 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gabriel Gonzalez Michael Carr Tom ás M Kelleher Emer O'Byrne Weronika Banka Brian Keogan Charlene Bennett Geraldine Franzoni Patrice Keane Cliona Kenna Luke W Meredith Nicola Fletcher Jose Maria Urtasun-Elizari Jonathan Dean Ciaran Browne Fiona Lyons Bre Source Type: research
Increased reports of measles in the Metropolitan City of Milan, northern Italy, September 2023 to March 2024
Euro Surveill. 2024 Apr;29(16):2400201. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.16.2400201.ABSTRACTSince late 2023, the Metropolitan City of Milan and surrounding areas (northern Italy) have been experiencing a resurgence of measles, with most cases detected starting from January 2024. During this brief period, we observed measles in travellers from endemic areas, participants in international events, vaccinees and healthcare workers. Indigenous cases have also been identified. Even though we have not yet identified large and disruptive outbreaks, strengthening surveillance and vaccination activities is pivotal to help limit the...
Source: Euro Surveill - April 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria Gori Clara Fappani Silvia Bianchi Sabrina Senatore Daniela Colzani Priscilla Pasutto Melissa Baggieri Silvia Gioacchini Antonella Marchi Paola Bucci Emilio D'Ugo Marino Faccini Danilo Cereda Luigi Vezzosi Elisabetta Tanzi Fabio Magurano Antonella Am Source Type: research
Increased reports of measles in the Metropolitan City of Milan, northern Italy, September 2023 to March 2024
Euro Surveill. 2024 Apr;29(16):2400201. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.16.2400201.ABSTRACTSince late 2023, the Metropolitan City of Milan and surrounding areas (northern Italy) have been experiencing a resurgence of measles, with most cases detected starting from January 2024. During this brief period, we observed measles in travellers from endemic areas, participants in international events, vaccinees and healthcare workers. Indigenous cases have also been identified. Even though we have not yet identified large and disruptive outbreaks, strengthening surveillance and vaccination activities is pivotal to help limit the...
Source: Euro Surveill - April 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maria Gori Clara Fappani Silvia Bianchi Sabrina Senatore Daniela Colzani Priscilla Pasutto Melissa Baggieri Silvia Gioacchini Antonella Marchi Paola Bucci Emilio D'Ugo Marino Faccini Danilo Cereda Luigi Vezzosi Elisabetta Tanzi Fabio Magurano Antonella Am Source Type: research
Multiple introductions of monkeypox virus to Ireland during the international mpox outbreak, May 2022 to October 2023
ConclusionWe provide insights into the international transmission dynamics supporting multiple introductions of MPXV into Ireland. Such information supported the implementation of evidence-informed public health control measures.PMID:38639093 | PMC:PMC11027473 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.16.2300505 (Source: Euro Surveill)
Source: Euro Surveill - April 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gabriel Gonzalez Michael Carr Tom ás M Kelleher Emer O'Byrne Weronika Banka Brian Keogan Charlene Bennett Geraldine Franzoni Patrice Keane Cliona Kenna Luke W Meredith Nicola Fletcher Jose Maria Urtasun-Elizari Jonathan Dean Ciaran Browne Fiona Lyons Bre Source Type: research
