Transcriptional programs of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in vitro and in vivo
In this study, the transcriptional programs of ISKNV in vitro (MFF-1 cells) and in vivo (spleens from mandarin fish) were investigated using real-time PCR. Transcription of all the putative open reading frames (ORFs) of ISKNV was verified. The temporal expression patterns of ISKNV ORFs in vitro and in vivo, including peak expression times (PETs) and relative maximal expression levels, were determined and compared. The K-means clustering with Spearman rank correlation was generated in heat maps constructed based on ISKNV ORF expression profiles in vivo and in vitro. The current study may provide a global picture of ISKNV in...
Source: Virus Genes - October 8, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Date palm virus A: first plant virus found in date palm trees
AbstractIn this work, a novel ssRNA (+) viral genomic sequence with gene organization typical of members of the subfamilyQuinvirinae (familyBetaflexiviridae) was identified using high- throughput sequencing data of date palm obtained from the Sequence Read Archive database. The viral genome sequence consists of 7860 nucleotides and contains five ORFs encoding for the replication protein (Rep), triple gene block proteins 1, 2, 3 (TGB 1, 2, and 3), and coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis based on the Rep and the CP amino acid sequences showed the closest relationship to garlic yellow mosaic-associated virus (GYMaV). Bas...
Source: Virus Genes - October 6, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Construction and immune protection evaluation of recombinant virus expressing Newcastle disease virus F protein by the largest intergenic region of fowlpox virus NX10
In this study, we found that the insertion of foreign genes into ORF054 and the ORF161/ORF162 intergenic region of the FPV genome did not affect replication, and that the foreign genes inserted into the intergenic region were more efficiently expressed than when they were inserted into a gene. Based on these results, the recombinant virus rFPVNX10-NDV F –E was constructed and immune protection against virulent FPV and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. Tests for anti-FPV antibodies in the vaccinated chickens were positive within 14 days post-vaccination. After challenge with FPV102, no clinical signs of FP wer...
Source: Virus Genes - October 2, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam
AbstractTo date, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have persisted in domestic poultry in wet markets in East Asian countries. We have performed ongoing virus surveillance in poultry populations in Vietnam since 2011, with the goal of controlling avian influenza. Throughout this study, 110 H3 AIVs were isolated from 2760 swab samples of poultry in markets and duck farms. H3 hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the isolates were phylogenetically classified into eight groups (I –VIII). Genetic diversity was also observed in the other seven gene segments. Groups I–IV also included AIVs from wild waterbirds. The epidemic strains in pou...
Source: Virus Genes - September 28, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds
In conclusion, our results revealed the molecular detection of vaccine and vvIBDV-like strains in Egyptian wild birds and highlighted the potential role of wild birds in IBDV epidemiology in disease-endemic regions. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - September 23, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
First molecular identification of porcine circovirus-like agents in dogs and cats in China
AbstractPorcine circovirus-like agents comprise two types of viruses: porcine circovirus-like viruses (P1, P2, P3, and P4) and porcine circovirus-like mini agents (PCVL258, PCVL264, PCVL201, and PCVL347). Of these, P1 has been identified in pigs, cattle, goats, and rabbits in China; P2, P3, P4, PCVL258, and PCVL264 have been identified in pigs; and PCVL201 and PCVL347 have been identified in cattle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dogs and cats have been exposed to porcine circovirus-like agents. We screened 158 serum samples from diseased dogs and 41 from cats in China by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. ...
Source: Virus Genes - September 21, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Analysis of host protein interactions in plant viruses: an in silico study using Sesbania mosaic virus
AbstractThe dynamics of interactions of viral proteins with their host are pivotal in establishing a successful infection and ensuring systemic spread. To uncover these, an in silico analysis of the interactions between the coat protein (CP) of Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), a group IV virus with single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome was carried out with the known crystal structures of proteins belonging to theFabaceae family, which is its natural host. SeMV is an isometric plant virus which infectsSesbania grandiflora, a member ofFabaceae, and causes mosaic symptoms. Earlier results have indicated that the assembly a...
Source: Virus Genes - September 18, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Subcellular localization of the porcine deltacoronavirus nucleocapsid protein
AbstractPorcinedeltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been recently identified as an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus that mainly infects newborn piglets and causes enteritis, diarrhea and high mortality. Although coronavirus N proteins have multifarious activities, the subcellular localization of the PDCoV N protein is still unknown. Here, we produced mouse monoclonal antibodies against the PDCoV N protein. Experiments using anti-haemagglutinin antibodies and these monoclonal antibodies revealed that the PDCoV N protein is shuttled into the nucleolus in both ectopic PDCoV N-expressing cells and PDCoV-infected cells. The result...
Source: Virus Genes - September 16, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Increased viral read counts and metagenomic full genome characterization of porcine astrovirus 4 and Posavirus 1 in sows in a swine farm with unexplained neonatal piglet diarrhea
AbstractNeonatal diarrhea in piglets may cause major losses in affected pig herds. The present study used random high-throughput RNA sequencing (metagenomic next generation sequencing, mNGS) to investigate the virome of sows from a farm with persistent neonatal piglet diarrhea in comparison to two control farms without diarrhea problems. A variety of known swine gastrointestinal viruses was detected in the control farms as well as in the problem farm (Mamastrovirus,Enterovirus,Picobirnavirus,Posavirus 1,Kobuvirus,Proprismacovirus). A substantial increase in normalized viral read counts was observed in the affected farm com...
Source: Virus Genes - September 2, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
An antiviral drug-resistant mutant of hepatitis B virus with high replication capacity in association with a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region of viral surface gene
In conclusion, this is an unusual ADV-resistant HBV isolate harboring two nonsense mutations in the S gene and a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region, but still retains a high replication phenotype, which can provide a platform for recombinant vector construction. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - August 24, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Identification and characterization of a novel bat polyomavirus in Japan
This study has identified the presence of a novel PyV in Japanese bats and provided genetic information about the virus. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - August 19, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Isolation and phylogenomic analysis of two Senecavirus A isolates in Sichuan Province, 2018
This report provides evidence that SVA infection of pigs has occurred in Sichuan Province, and the results will contribute to our understanding of the genetic characteristics and recombinant events of SVA in China. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - August 18, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in MARC-145 cells infected with PRRSV
AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes tremendous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. miRNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression and a wide range of complex interactions of miRNAs –mRNAs is possible during virus infection. However, there is no comprehensive integrated study of miRNA and mRNA networks in MARC-145 cells after infection with PRRSV. We analyzed the differential expressions, co-relations, annotations, and putative functions of miRNA and mRNA networks in PRRSV-in fected MARC-145 cells. Based on the filtering criterion, 22 differentially expressed miRNAs (D...
Source: Virus Genes - August 11, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Geographically distant isolates of the persistent southern tomato virus (STV) show very low genetic diversity in the putative coat protein gene
AbstractSouthern tomato virus (STV) from genusAmalgavirus (FamilyAmalgaviridae) is a persistent virus infecting tomato crops worldwide. Information on genetic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms for plant persistent viruses are very scarce in comparison with plant acute viruses. In this work, the putative coat protein gene of worldwide STV isolates was analyzed showing very low nucleotide diversity (< 0.0100). Phylogenetic analysis separated STV isolates into two clades, but no correlation was found between genetic and geographic distances. Also, no recombination events among STV isolates were detected. Comparison ...
Source: Virus Genes - July 30, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum
In this study, we reported the complete genome of a novelPolerovirus, namedTobacco yellow virus (TYV), which can be transmitted byMyzus persicae. TYV had a single-stranded RNA genome of 5735 nucleotides in length and contained six putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis with whole genome nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, clustered TYV withPotato leafroll virus from the genusPolerovirus with high bootstrap values. However, TYV clustered withBrassica yellow virus using amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain o...
Source: Virus Genes - July 29, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
