PK15 cell line stably overexpressing IL2 enhances PCV2 replication
AbstractPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary agent responsible for porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs), which is acknowledged as one of the most economically important diseases for the swine industry worldwide. Currently, the development of PCV2 vaccine against PCVADs and for other applications require large amounts of viral particles. The low propagation rate of PCV2 in vitro limits vaccine production. Previous studies showed that a cell line transfected with the porcine interleukin (IL)-2 gene gave higher PCV2 yield in vitro. However, transient transfection may become less effective and unstable ...
Source: Virus Genes - January 3, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Peste des petits ruminants virus non-structural C protein inhibits the induction of interferon- β by potentially interacting with MAVS and RIG-I
AbstractPeste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an acute and highly contagious disease in domestic and wild small ruminants throughout the world, mainly by invoking immunosuppression in its natural hosts. It has been suggested that the non-structural C protein of PPRV helps in evading host responses but the molecular mechanisms by which it antagonizes the host responses have not been fully characterized. Here, we report the antagonistic effect of PPRV C protein on the expression of interferon- β (IFN-β) through both MAVS and RIG-I mediated pathways in vitro. Dual luciferase reporter assay and direct expression of ...
Source: Virus Genes - January 3, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Diversity of tomato-infecting begomoviruses and spatiotemporal dynamics of an endemic viral species of the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest biome
AbstractYield losses induced by a complex of begomoviruses are observed across all major tomato-producing areas in Brazil. Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) is the most widespread begomovirus in the country. Conversely, tomato common mosaic virus (ToCmMV) displays a more restricted geographical distribution to areas associated with the Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF) biome, encompassing the States of Esp írito Santo–ES, Minas Gerais–MG, and Rio de Janeiro–RJ. Here, we characterized 277 tomato-infecting isolates collected in fields located within the ARF biome from 2006 to 2018. ToSRV displayed the highest prevalence (n...
Source: Virus Genes - November 24, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Molecular interactions of plant viral satellites
AbstractPlant viral satellites fall under the category of subviral agents. Their genomes are composed of small RNA or DNA molecules a few hundred nucleotides in length and contain an assortment of highly complex and overlapping functions. Each lacks the ability to either replicate or undergo encapsidation or both in the absence of a helper virus (HV). As the number of known satellites increases steadily, our knowledge regarding their sequence conservation strategies, means of replication and specific interactions with host and helper viruses is improving. This review demonstrates that the molecular interactions of these sa...
Source: Virus Genes - November 23, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
First identification and genomic characterization of equine hepacivirus sub-type 3 strain in China
AbstractEquine Hepacivirus (EqHV) is a newly discovered equine virus that is classified under theHepacivirus genus of theFlaviviridae family. There are three sub-types of EqHV worldwide namely; sub-types 1 –3. The majority of EqHV sub-type 1 strains were found in China. While different sub-types have been found in Japan and USA, therefore, to investigate whether the other sub-types of EqHV strains were present in China, a total of 60 horse serum samples were collected and screened for EqHV RNA throu gh RT-PCR. The results revealed that 19 serum samples were RNA-positive (19/60) and the EqHV detection rate was 31.67%. One...
Source: Virus Genes - November 20, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Tomato yellow vein streak virus and Tomato golden vein virus : a reappraisal of the classification status of two South American Begomovirus species based upon genome –wide pairwise identity of multiple isolates
AbstractTomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV) and tomato golden vein virus (TGVV) are begomoviruses reported infecting tomatoes and other hosts across South America. However, their close phylogenetic relationship has generated uncertainties about their taxonomic status and nomenclature. In fact, genomic DNA –A identity levels of isolates reported with an identical virus name may range from 89–100%. In view of the potential inaccuracy regarding the classification status of these viruses (strains vs. distinct species), we carried out a comprehensive set of analyses employing all 45 available isolates with complete DNA...
Source: Virus Genes - November 19, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Co-infection of a novel fusagravirus and a partitivirus in a Korean isolate of Rosellinia necatrix KACC40168
We report here the presence of dsRNA mycoviruses in a Korean isolate ofRosellinia necatrix. A multiple band pattern of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fromR. necatrix suggested mixed mycovirus infection. Next-generation sequencing analysis of purified dsRNAs indicated the presence of two dsRNA mycoviruses related to the members of families “Fusagraviridae” (proposed) andPartitiviridae. The first dsRNA virus revealed that the complete genome sequence was 8868 bp in size and contained two large open reading frames (ORFs 1 and 2), overlapped by 22 bp containing a canonical (− 1) slippery heptanucelotide sequence of UUU...
Source: Virus Genes - November 7, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Identification of a reptile lyssavirus in Anolis allogus provided novel insights into lyssavirus evolution
In this study, we detected a lyssa-like virus from publicly available RNA-seq data obtained using the brain and skin ofAnolis allogus (Spanish flag anole), which was designated anole lyssa-like virus 1 (ALLV-1), and determined its complete coding sequence. Via mapping analysis, we demonstrated that ALLV-1 was actively replicating in the original brain and skin samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ALLV-1 is more closely related to lyssaviruses than FLLV-1. Overall, the topology of the tree is compatible with that of hosts, suggesting the long-term co-divergence of lyssa-like and lyssaviruses and vertebrates. The ψ ...
Source: Virus Genes - November 7, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Enigmatic PreS deletions in hepatitis B virus DNA
(Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - November 5, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Enzootic nasal tumor virus type 2 envelope of goats acts as a retroviral oncogene in cell transformation
AbstractEnzootic nasal tumor virus type 1 (ENTV-1) (ovine nasal tumor virus) and ENTV-2 (caprine nasal tumor virus) are known to be causative agents of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) in sheep and goats, respectively. Although the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 are quite similar, they are recognized as phylogenetically distinct viruses. The envelope protein of ENTV-1 functions as an oncoprotein in the in vitro transformation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Thus, it is the primary determinant of in vivo tumorigenesis in ENA. As per our knowledge, no previous studies have reported in detail...
Source: Virus Genes - November 5, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The N-terminal cysteine protease domain of rice stripe tenuivirus Pc1 possesses deubiquitinating enzyme activity
AbstractVirus encoded deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) plays important roles in viral replication and the regulation of host innate immunity. Bioinformatics-based analysis revealed the presence of an ovarian tumor (OTU) protease domain in the N terminus of rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) Pc1. Many viral OTU domains have been reported to possess DUB activity, which suggests that RSV OTU probably also have DUB activity. To confirm this prediction, we first expressed and purified RSV OTU domain (the N-terminal 200 amino acids of Pc1) and its three mutants (D42A, C45A and H148A) fromEscherichia coli and analyzed its DUB activity in ...
Source: Virus Genes - November 4, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Co-circulation of genotypes XIV.2 and XVIII.2 of avian paramyxovirus-1 (Newcastle disease virus) in backyard poultry in Niger
AbstractThe causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) of poultry is the avian paramyxovirus-1, also commonly known as ND virus (NDV). Like in many developing countries, ND is endemic in Niger and has significant economic impact on commercial and backyard poultry production. NDVs were characterized in Niger between 2006 and 2008 and shown to belong to genotypes XIV.1 and XVII. In order to determine the current situation regarding the virus in Niger, tracheas (n = 384) were collected for the detection of NDV from both healthy (n = 335) and sick (n = 49) backyard poultry in 2019. Of these samples, 24 from sick chi...
Source: Virus Genes - October 31, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Assessment of replication of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in human glioblastoma and breast cancer cells as a potential oncolytic virus
In conclusion, BoHV-4 has in vitro potential as a novel oncolytic virus in human cancer therapy. However, its replication potential in the MCF10a cells as a non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line is a concern in using this virus in cancer therapy, at least against human mammary tumors. Further studies must therefore be conducted to examine the specific apoptotic pathways induced by this virus to move on to further experiments. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - October 26, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic classification of Tunisian SARS-CoV-2 strains from patients of the Military Hospital in Tunis
AbstractIn the present work, two complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from nasal swab samples of Tunisian SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients using nanopore sequencing. The virus genomes of two of the patients examined, a Tunisian soldier returning from a mission in Morocco and a member of another Tunisian family, showed significant differences in analyses of the total genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic relationships with known SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the African region, some European and Middle Eastern countries and initial epidemiological conclusions indicate that the introduction...
Source: Virus Genes - October 9, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Identification of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)-encoded microRNAs
In this study, using Illumina sequencing coupled with miRNA precursor prediction and stem-loop real-time PCR, 14 putative ISKNV-encoded miRNAs were preliminarily identified from ISKNV-infected mandarin fish MFF-1 cells. To initially study their functions, inhibitors of the 14 viral miRNAs were synthesized and transfected into MFF-1 cells, which were further infected with ISKNV. The results showed that these viral miRNAs could affect the virus titers in the supernatant of ISKNV-infected cells and the expression of major capsid protein (MCP). Moreover, we observed that inhibition of several ISKNV miRNAs had different effects...
Source: Virus Genes - October 8, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
