Comparison of two Turnip mosaic virus P1 proteins in their ability to co-localize with the Arabidopsis thaliana G3BP-2 protein
AbstractTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV), belonging to the genus Potyvirus (familyPotyviridae), has a large host range and consists of a single-stranded positive sense RNA genome encoding 12 proteins, including the P1 protease. This protein which is separated from the polyprotein by cis cleavage at its respective C-terminus, has been attributed with different functions during potyviral infection of plants. P1 of Turnip mosaic virus (P1-TuMV) harbors an FGSF-motif and FGSL-motif at its N-terminus. This motif is predicted to be a binding site for the host Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP), which is a key factor ...
Source: Virus Genes - February 18, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Prophylactic strategies to control chikungunya virus infection
AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a (re)emerging arbovirus and the causative agent of chikungunya fever. In recent years, CHIKV was responsible for a series of outbreaks, some of which had serious economic and public health impacts in the affected regions. So far, no CHIKV-specific antiviral therapy or vaccine has been approved. This review gives a brief summary on CHIKV epidemiology, spread, infection and diagnosis. It furthermore deals with the strategies against emerging diseases, drug development and the possibilities of testing antivirals against CHIKV in vitro and in vivo. With our review, we hope to provide the l...
Source: Virus Genes - February 15, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Natural intertypic and intratypic recombinants of enterovirus 71 from mainland China during 2009 –2018: a complete genome analysis
This study reports these specific intertypic and intratypic recombination events for the first time highlighting the importance of genetic recombination in the emergence of new enterovirus variants. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - February 11, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Giant virus-related sequences in the 5300-year-old Ötzi mummy metagenome
AbstractGiant viruses have brought new perspectives on the virosphere. They have been increasingly described in humans, including in several metagenomic studies. Here, we searched into the metagenome of the 5300-year-old Ötzi mummy for the presence of giant virus-related sequences using MG-Digger pipeline. We found 19 reads (0.00006% of the total read number) that best matched (mean ± standard deviation (range) fore-values of 5.0E-6 ± 1.4E-6 (6.0E-5–4.0E-10) and for amino acid identity of 69.9 ± 8.7% (46.4–84.9%) and most significantly with sequences from various giant viruses, including mostly mimivir...
Source: Virus Genes - February 10, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of potential infectious bursal disease virus VP3-interacting proteins in chicken embryo fibroblasts cells
This study would help explore regulatory pathways and cellular mechanisms in IBDV-infected cells, and also provided clues for the in-depth study of VP3 biological functions and IBDV replication or pathogenesis. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - February 9, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Novel herpesvirus discovered in walrus liver
AbstractA walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) born in an aquarium and hand-reared in Japan died at the age of 11 months. The affected animal showed fever and anorexia and had high levels of AST and ALT. Necropsy showed multiple necroses in the liver and adrenal glands and histological examination revealed necrotic lesions of the liver and adrenal cortex, both of which contained intranuclear inclusions. Elect ron microscopic analysis of the liver sample showed herpesvirus-like particles. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the liver sample and phylogenetic analysis of herpesvirus polymerase genes identified a new virus, Walrus ...
Source: Virus Genes - February 9, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
First complete genome sequence of an isolate of cowpea severe mosaic virus from South America
In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of a Brazilian isolate of cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) is presented for the first time. To date, the CPSMV-DG isolate, from the USA, is the only one with the complete known genome. High-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) and Sanger sequencing of the total RNA extract from a cowpea plant collected in Teresina city, Brazil, revealed the genome sequence of the CPSMV-Ter1 isolate. RNA-1 and RNA-2 are, respectively, 5921 and 3465 nucleotides (nt) long without the poly(A) tail, and show 77.91% and 76.08% nt sequence identity with CPSMV-DG, considered the type isolate of t...
Source: Virus Genes - February 8, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Development and application of reverse genetic technology for the influenza virus
This article will review the development and application of influenza virus reverse genetic technology. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - February 2, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Correction to: Potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in figure. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - January 30, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Comparison of whole genomes of tick-borne encephalitis virus from mountainous alpine regions and regions with a lower altitude
AbstractTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Germany since 2001. Its causative agent, the TBE virus (TBEV), is the most important arbovirus in Europe and Northern Asia. The illness, caused by the European Subtype usually displays flu-like symptoms, but can result in sequelae and, in 2 % of all cases, in death. Over the last few decades, the virus has spread into new habitats, such as higher altitudes in the Alpine region. For this study, it was hypothesized that the environmental challenges that the virus might be exposed to at such altitudes could lead to the selection of viral strains with a hig...
Source: Virus Genes - January 24, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Biological characteristics and genomic analysis of a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage vB_SmaS_BUCT548
This study reports a novelS. maltophilia phage named vB_SmaS_BUCT548, which has a short incubation period, strong lytic ability, and a wide host range. The main characteristic of this bacteriophage is the novelty of the genomic sequence and the analysis of the other characteristics provides basic data for further exploring the interaction mechanism between the phage and the host. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - January 20, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
In vitro inhibitory effect of maraviroc on the association of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein with CCR5
AbstractAsian macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) isolated from African non-human primates develop a disease similar to human AIDS. SIV enters its target cells by binding to CD4 and a coreceptor, typically CCR5. Maraviroc is an entry inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that prevents the interaction between CCR5 and the surface subunit gp120 of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). Thus far, the activity of maraviroc on SIV entry has been poorly studied. Here, we determined in vitro pharmacological parameters of the effect of maraviroc on the SIV Env association with CCR5. Cel...
Source: Virus Genes - January 5, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Removal of 3C protease from the 3ABC improves expression, solubility, and purification of the recombinant 3AB of foot-and-mouth disease virus
In this study, alternatively to expressing the recombinant 3ABC (r3ABC), we expressed the 3AB coding sequence (~672 bp) as a recombinant protein (r3AB) with a molecular mass of ~26 KDa. Analytical data from three-dimensional structure, hydrophilicity, and antigenic properties for 3ABC and 3AB exhibited the 3C protein as a hydrophobic, while 3AB as a hydrophilic and highly antigenic protein. The expressed r3AB w as recovered as a completely soluble matter after merely native purification, unlike the full expressed r3ABC. Immunoreactivity of r3AB to anti-FMDV antibody in infected sera with different FMDV serotypes was conf...
Source: Virus Genes - January 5, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Full-length genome characterization of a novel alphapartitivirus detected in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hygrophorus penarioides
AbstractVirus populations of ectomycorrhizal fungi remain poorly studied. In the present study, we characterized a new partitivirus isolated from the basidiomycetous, ectomycorrhizal fungusHygrophorus penarioides, named “Hygrophorus penarioides partitivirus 1” (HpPV1). The whole genome of HpPV1, determined by merging deep sequencing and RLM-RACE approaches, comprised two dsRNA segments of 2053 bp and 2072 bp, respectively. Both dsRNA genome segments included a single open reading frame (ORF), encoding a putat ive RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. Based on BLASTp search, the...
Source: Virus Genes - January 3, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Effects of β-HPV on DNA damage response pathways to drive carcinogenesis: a review
AbstractThe DDR is a complex signaling network responsible for the preservation of genomic integrity. Beta human papillomaviruses ( β-HPVs) are able to destabilize the host genome by attenuating the DDR machinery at the molecular scale following expression of the oncogenes E6 and E7. In the event of β-HPV infection, the E6- and E7-mediated inhibition of the DDR enhances the oncogenicity of UV-induced mutations to enable carcin ogenesis in an otherwise immunocompetent host, marking an important mechanistic divergence from the alpha genus of HPVs. In this review, we summarize recent updates to build upon the ‘hit-and-run...
Source: Virus Genes - January 3, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
