The arrival of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N8 in Iran through two windows, 2016
In this study, the molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidas e (NA) genes of the H5N8 strain were identified in Malard county of Tehran province and Meighan wetland of Arak city, Markazi province were investigated. Based on the analysis of the amino acid sequence of the HA genes, the cleavage site of the gene includes the PLREKRRKR/GLF polybasic amino acid mo tif, which is a characteristic of highly pathogenic influenza viruses. The HA gene of two viruses had T156A, S123P, S133A mutations associated with the increased mammalian sialic acid-binding, and the NA gene of two viruses had H253Y mutations a...
Source: Virus Genes - September 13, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Impact of genetic polymorphisms related to innate immune response on respiratory syncytial virus infection in children
AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis, mainly affecting children under 2 years of age and immunocompromised patients. Currently, there are no available vaccines or efficient pharmacological treatments against RSV. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been directed to understand the pathological mechanisms of the disease and generate a vaccine against RSV. Although RSV is highly infectious, not all the patients who get infected develop bronchiolitis and severe disease. Through various sequencing studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been di...
Source: Virus Genes - September 9, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Analysis of public domain plant transcriptomes expands the phylogenetic diversity of the family Secoviridae
AbstractSecoviruses are mono-/bipartite plant-infecting, icosahedral RNA viruses that incite economically important diseases in plants. In the present study, nine secoviruses tentatively named as Ananas comosus secovirus (AcSV), Artocarpus altilis secovirus (AaSV), Boehmeria nivea secovirus (BnSV), Gynostemma pentaphyllum secovirus (GpSV), Orobanche cernua secovirus (OcSV), Paris polyphylla secovirus 1 (PpSV1), Paris polyphylla secovirus 2 (PpSV2), Rhododendron delavayi secovirus (RdSV), and Yucca gloriosa secovirus (YgSV) were identified by probing publicly available transcriptomes of eight plant species. Coding-complete ...
Source: Virus Genes - August 30, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Whole genome sequence analysis of bacteriophage P1 that infects the Lactobacillus plantarum
This study furthered the genomic knowledge ofL. plantarum phages and provided some basis for the control ofL. plantarum phages in the dairy fermentation industry. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - August 20, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A dominant internal gene cassette of high pathogenicity avian influenza H7N9 virus raised since 2018
AbstractThe zoonotic H7N9 avian influenza virus emerged with the H9N2-origin internal gene cassette. Previous studies have reported that genetic reassortments with H9N2 were common in the first five human H7N9 epidemic waves. However, our latest work found that the circulating high pathogenicity H7N9 virus has established a dominant internal gene cassette and has decreased the frequency of reassortment with H9N2 since 2018. This dominant cassette of H7N9 was distinct from the cocirculating H9N2, although they shared a common ancestor. As a result, we suppose that this dominant cassette may benefit the viral population fitn...
Source: Virus Genes - August 16, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The Rep and C1 of Beet curly top Iran virus represent pathogenicity factors and induce hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants
This study presents characterization of complementary-sense transcripts of BCTIV and the viral factors in directing the pathogenicity and hypersensitive response (HR) inNicotiana benthamiana plants. In both local and systemic infection, splicing of the complementary transcripts of BCTIV was observed. Notably, a small number (8.3%) of transcripts were spliced to produce Rep (C1:C2) transcripts after deletion of 155 nt (position 1892 –2046 from BCTIV). Expression of BCTIV genes inN. benthamiana using tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vector showed that Rep together with C1 are the main pathogenicity factors which cause typi...
Source: Virus Genes - August 12, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Characterization of the first Rubus yellow net virus genome from blackberry
AbstractRubus yellow net virus (RYNV) is a badnavirus that infectsRubus spp. Mixed infections with black raspberry necrosis virus and raspberry leaf mottle virus cause raspberry mosaic, a disease that leads to significant losses and even plant death. RYNV has been reported in several European countries and the Americas yet there is substantial lack of knowledge, especially when it comes to virus diversity and the evolutionary forces that affect virus fitness outside its primary host, raspberry. Herein, we report the first RYNV episomal genome isolated from blackberry and this is the first report of the virus in Bosnia and ...
Source: Virus Genes - August 8, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The genetic characterization of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) genes of H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in Guangdong Province of China during 2019 –2020
AbstractThe evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, which can cause virus antigenic drift to escape human herd immunity, is a significant public health problem. Here, we obtained hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and polymerase acidic protein (PA) the gene sequences of 84 influenza virus isolates collected in Guangdong Province during the 2019 –2020 influenza season. Phylogenetic analyses revealed all these isolates were genetically similar to the viruses of clade 3C2a A1b, specifically those within subclades of A1b 137F (59 cases), A1b 186D (19 cases), and A1b 94 N (6 cases). The influenza virus isolates were di...
Source: Virus Genes - July 28, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Three new mycoviruses identified in the apple replant disease (ARD)-associated fungus Rugonectria rugulosa
In this study, three new mycoviruses were identified co-infecting the apple replant disease (ARD)-associated root endophyteRugonectria rugulosa. After dsRNA extraction, six viral fragments were visualized. Four fragments belong to a quadrivirus, which has a genome size of 17,166 bp. Each of the fragments of this quadrivirus has a single ORF encoding a protein. Two of these proteins are coat protein subunits, one ORF encodes the RdRp, and one protein has an unknown function. This virus was tentatively named rugonectria rugulosa quadrivirus 1 (RrQV1) as a member of the proposed new speciesQuadrivirus rugonectria. Anot...
Source: Virus Genes - July 16, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Transcriptome sequencing of LMP2A-transfected gastric cancer cells identifies potential biomarkers in EBV-associated gastric cancer
This study analyzed the effect of LMP2A on the gene expression of gastric cancer cells by transcriptome sequencing on the gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 that expresses LMP2A. The study monitored a total of 238 genes with significant differences in expression, including 101 upregulated genes and 137 downregulated genes. Using the KEGG pathway analysis, it was found that more genes were enriched in the Steroid biosynthesis, Axon guidance, and Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, and there were 5 genes each enriched in PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathway, all of which were significant. This indicates that LMP2A may be i...
Source: Virus Genes - July 11, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Complete genomic sequences and comparative analysis of two Orf virus isolates from Guizhou Province and Jilin Province, China
AbstractOrf virus (ORFV, speciesOrf virus) belongs to the typical species of theParapoxvirus genus of the familyPoxviridae, which infects sheep, goats, and humans with worldwide distribution. Although outbreaks of Orf have been reported sequentially in several Chinese provinces, the epidemiology of Orf and genetic diversity of ORFV strains still needs to be further characterized. To further reveal the genomic organization of the ORFV-GZ18 and ORFV-CL18 isolates, the complete genome sequences of two recently obtained ORFV isolates were sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology and analyzed, which had been de...
Source: Virus Genes - July 3, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Foreign gene expression attenuates a virulent Newcastle disease virus in chickens
In this study, a recombinant NDV based on a velogenic strain carrying the orange fluorescent protein (OFP) gene between the phosphoprotein (P) and matrix (M) genes was generated using reverse genetics. Biological characteristics, including virus replication, virulence, and OFP expression, and the pathogenicity in chickens were evaluated. The recombinant NDV showed comparable replication capacity in eggs and cells as the parental virus, whereas OFP insertion resulted in a mild impairment of virulence, evidenced by longer mean death time in embryos. High OFP expression was detected in the cells inoculated with the recombinan...
Source: Virus Genes - June 25, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Characterization of a ToMV isolate overcoming Tm-22 resistance gene in tomato
In this study, we determined the entire nucleotide sequences of ToMV isolate [named ToMV-KMT (LC650928)], which was isolated from tomato plants showing symptoms of systemic necrosis in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. We also analyzed the viral gene of ToMV-KMT that overcome theTm-22 gene by constructing its infectious cDNA clone and by generating chimeric viruses with a non-breaking strain. According to previous research,Tm-22 recognizes the viral movement protein (MP) and exerts resistance by inducing hypersensitive reaction or hypersensitive cell death. We discovered that a mutation in the 240th amino acid (aspartic acid to ...
Source: Virus Genes - June 21, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Isolation and characterization of a novel Escherichia coli phage Kayfunavirus ZH4
In this study, a novel phage specific to aE.coli strain, named as phageKayfunavirus ZH4, was isolated and characterized. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage ZH4 belongs to the familyAutographiviridae. The whole-genome analysis showed that the length of phage ZH4 genome was 39,496 bp with 49 coding domain sequence (CDS) and no tRNA was detected. Comparative genome and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that phage ZH4 was highly similar to phages belonging to the genusKayfunavirus. Moreover, the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of phage ZH4 with all the known phages was 0.86, suggesting that ZH...
Source: Virus Genes - June 18, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Duck sewage source coliphage P762 can lyse STEC and APEC
In conclusion, phage P762 might be employed in the future to prevent and control pathogenicEscherichia coli. (Source: Virus Genes)
Source: Virus Genes - June 16, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
