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Trends in referral patterns to presurgical evaluation at a European reference center
The prevalence of epilepsy ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 % [1]. Thus, epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. In 30-40 % of patients seizures persist under treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) [2]. The problem of pharmacoresistance has not been overcome with the development of modern ASMs [3]. This has widespread implications such as impaired health-related quality of life, increased costs of illness and premature mortality. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - August 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Martin Hirsch, J ürgen Beck, Armin Brandt, Georgia Papadopoulou, Kathrin Wagner, Horst Urbach, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - August 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

“A revised network meta-analysis of the comparative safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine in Dravet Syndrome: A response to Devi et al., (2022)“
To the Editor, (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: D. Vandame, L. Chancharme, N. Joffre, W. Linley, T. Toward Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

Association of comorbid-socioeconomic clusters with mortality in late onset epilepsy derived through unsupervised machine learning
Late-onset epilepsy is a unique entity compared to that in younger adults. After age 65, the clinicodemographic characteristics defining the condition diverge significantly from that in younger adults [1]. The aetiologies underlying late-onset epilepsy differ substantially, with strokes, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain tumours frequently reported as the primary underlying cause, where it is known [2]. Increasing longevity, coupled with the attendant rise of these associated conditions, likely accounts for the rising incidence of late-onset epilepsy in the Western world over the last 45 years [3,4]. (Source: Seizure: ...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Colin B. Josephson, Arturo Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Jordan D.T. Engbers, Spiros Denaxas, Guillermo Delgado-Garcia, Tolulope T. Sajobi, Meng Wang, Mark R. Keezer, Samuel Wiebe Source Type: research

Early and established status epilepticus: the impact of timing of intervention, treatment escalation and dosing on outcome
Status epilepticus (SE) is a time-sensitive emergency requiring early recognition and prompt intervention. The mortality of SE ranges between 10-20% [1,2] with a high incidence of long-term neurological sequelae and socioeconomic hardship in survivors [3]. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Malaika Jindal, Aidan Neligan, Sanjeev Rajakulendran Source Type: research

Whole-Exome sequencing identifies GYS2 biallelic variants in individuals with suspected epilepsy
The principal source of energy for mammalian brains is glucose [1]. Neurons are among the cells that consume the most energy and rely on a steady supply of glucose [2]. Despite accounting for only 2% of total body weight, the human brain consumes 20% of all glucose-derived energy, making it the leading glucose consumer [3]. Glucose metabolism is indirectly involved in ATP generation which provides energy that is essential for fundamental neuronal processes [4]. Furthermore, glucose metabolism produces energy (ATP) and precursor material for neurotransmittersynthesis [5]. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Muhammad Ilyas, Dorothea Holzwart, Rafaqat Ishaq, Yasir Ali, Umme Habiba, Asad Mehmood Raja, Sadia Saeed, Uzma Abdullah, Sadiq Noor Khan, Ata Ullah, Ghazala Kaukab Raja, Shahid Mehmood Baig, Walid Fazeli, Wolfram S. Kunz, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq Source Type: research

Pure and complex genetic epilepsies with tonic-clonic seizures can be complicated by sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Letter to the Editor (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Josef Finsterer, Fulvio A Scorza, Carla A Scorza, Antonio-Carlos G de Almeida Source Type: research

Valproate-induced reversible cognitive decline presenting as dementia and associated clinical features: A literature review
Valproic acid (VPA) is an established, widely used broad-spectrum anti-seizure medication (ASM). Its therapeutic effect was serendipitously observed when it was used as a vehicle for other compounds being screened for anti-seizure activity in 1962 [1]. It was first marketed in France as an ASM in 1967 and approved by the FDA in 1978 [2]. Its use is widespread, being licensed for both focal and generalised epilepsy [3], and it has been used in migraine prophylaxis as well as in the treatment of bipolar disorders. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Rana Alnasser Alsukhni, Jeremy Johnosn, Lina Nashef Tags: Review Source Type: research

Seizure response to carbamazepine in a patient with CACNA1A-associated epilepsy: A case report
The CACNA1A gene encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of voltage-gated P/Q type Ca2+channel (Cav2.1), which mediates the intracellular entry of Ca2+ ions. It is located in the chromosome locus 19p13.13, and is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system [1]. CACNA1A gene mutations are a well-known cause of familial hemiplegic migr aine, episodic ataxia type 2 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 [2]. CACNA1A mutations can be also associated with several epileptic phenotypes including typical absence seizures, focal seizures, and epileptic encephalopathies [2]. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Francesca Pinna, Davide Corda, Chiara Fois, Alessandra Maccabeo, Gian Pietro Sechi, Paolo Solla Tags: Clinical letter Source Type: research

Seizure response to carbamazepine in a patient with CACNA1A-associated epilepsy: a case report.
The CACNA1A gene encodes the pore-forming α1 subunit of voltage-gated P/Q type Ca2+ channel (Cav2.1), which mediates the intracellular entry of Ca2+ ions. It is located in the chromosome locus 19p13.13, and is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system.[1] CACNA1A gene mutations are a well-known cause of familial hemiplegic migr aine, episodic ataxia type 2 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6.[2] CACNA1A mutations can be also associated with several epileptic phenotypes including typical absence seizures, focal seizures, and epileptic encephalopathies. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Francesca Pinna, Davide Corda, Chiara Fois, Alessandra Maccabeo, Gian Pietro Sechi, Paolo Solla Source Type: research

Localizing epileptogenic zones with high-frequency oscillations and directed connectivity
Epilepsy is a serious, chronic neurological disorder that disrupts the normal activity of neurons in the brain. During seizure onset, the patient may be injured or even in a life-threatening emergency, which brings great psychological pressure and difficulties in work and life to the patient. For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, epilepsy surgery can effectively treat seizures. The epileptogenic zone (EZ) is defined as the brain region in which the seizure is generated.[1,2] Generally, the evaluation of EZ involves multichannel intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings,[3] particularly stereoelectroencepha...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhaohui Li, Hao Zhang, Shipeng Niu, Yanyu Xing Source Type: research

A child with febrile and atypical absence seizures caused by a NLGN2 variant
Excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) network dysregulation significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Neuroligins are postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that play important roles in maintaining E/I synaptic signaling. The NLGN2 gene, located on 17p13.1, encodes a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed only in the postsynaptic membranes of inhibitory synapses, with high expression in the brain. While NLGN2 variants have been linked to schizophrenia, autism, and developmental delay [1], there are no reports of abnormal NLGN2 variants in patients with epilepsy. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Siyu Zhao, Le Yang, Lili Liang, Yanyan Zheng, Yan Wang, Dong Wang Tags: Clinical letter Source Type: research

Big Data – Big Trouble: The two faces of publishing results from big data studies based on cohorts with poor clinical definition.
We have noticed an increasing trend towards epidemiological studies analyzing big data from health registers or insurance companies. The study groups report linkages between epilepsy, its treatment, and comorbidities, i.e. that epilepsy is related to dementia, that antiseizure medication is related to dementia, that mortality rates in epilepsy are rising, or that intrauterine exposure to folate or antiseizure medication are connected to later cancer or psychiatric illness [1 –6]. Unfortunately, the media coverage of these often excellently published studies with simple, catchy headlines tempts readers and the public to i...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Randi von Wrede, Juri-Alexander Witt, Christoph Helmstaedter Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Outcome after Conservative or Surgical Treatment for New-Onset Epilepsy in Children with Cerebral Cavernous Malformation
Up to one-fourth of all cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) affect the pediatric population [1 –3]. Such lesions are a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and may result in headaches, seizures, or focal neurological deficits [4]. A substantial number of lesions have a benign clinical course. However, some children suffer from CCM-related epileptic seizures (CRE), which are t he most common trait of CCM disease. Pediatric CRE can lead to high morbidity, with particularly dreadful consequences in children and their development, given their long life expectancy [5–8]. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Alejandro N. Santos, Laur èl Rauschenbach, Christoph Riess, Iason Georgiades, Berrin Fiçilar, Enrique G. Gallardo, Carlos M. Quesada, Yan Li, Stephan Tippelt, Christian Dohna-Schwake, Börge Schmidt, Ramazan Jabbarli, Adrian M. Siegel, Arnau Benet, Kars Source Type: research

Hypophosphatemia as a possible biomarker for epileptic seizures at the emergency department
Hypophosphatemia seems to be temporally associated with seizures, despite not being considered a trigger. We aimed to evaluate hypophosphatemia as a biomarker for seizures. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - July 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Maria P. Coutinho, Patr ícia Faustino, Filipa Ladeira, Lia Leitão Source Type: research