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Neurological Autoantibody Prevalence in Chronic Epilepsy: Clinical and Neuropathologic Findings
Seizure is a common symptom of autoimmune encephalitis [1], and in the latest International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classifications guideline of epilepsy, immune etiology was listed as one of six etiologies [2]. In recent decades, the term “autoimmune epilepsy” has been increasingly used in publications; however, some are controversial, as “autoimmune epilepsy” has been applied to seizures in the acute phase of immune-mediated encephalitis [3–5]. Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that is different from seizures; therefore , some experts emphasize that autoimmune epilepsy should be differentiated from au...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kui Zhou, Le Zhang, Sisi Shen, Jing-Fang Lin, Jie-Rui Wang, Dong Zhou, Jin-Mei Li, Xiutian Sima Source Type: research

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Photosensitive and Nonphotosensitive Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is an idiopathic epilepsy (IGE) syndrome with well-defined clinical and electrophysiological features. Reflex epileptic mechanisms, such as photosensitivity, are also closely related to the nature of JME and are important for understanding JME pathogenesis [1,2]. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dilan Acar, Emel Ur Ozcelik, Bet ül Baykan, Nerses Bebek, Tamer Demiralp, Ali Bayram Source Type: research

Detection of pathogenic mutations in epilepsy-associated genes does not necessarily mean seizures or SUDEP
Letter to the Editor (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Josef Finsterer Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

Optimal duration for recording EEG in children and adolescents- a prospective interventional study
An EEG (electroencephalogram) is crucial for diagnosing, monitoring, and syndromic classification of epilepsy [1]. In individuals experiencing seizures, an epileptiform EEG displaying generalized spike and wave discharges predicts a five-year recurrence risk of 58%, compared to 26% for those with a non-epileptiform EEG [2]. A single 30-minute outpatient EEG reveals interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in 29-56% of epilepsy patients, increasing to 82% with repeated EEGs [3 –5]. The cumulative yield after a second and third EEG following a first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy is 40-70% [6]. (Source: Se...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Arvinder Wander, Biswaroop Chakrabarty, Sheffali Gulati, Prashant Jauhari, R.M. Pandey, Ashish Upadhyay Source Type: research

Early Prediction of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy using Clinical and EEG Features Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Epilepsy is a spontaneous and serious neurological disorder that presents with recurrent seizures and affects around 50 million people globally [1]. Unfortunately, despite recent advances in the development of antiseizure medications (ASMs), drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) still affects 20% to 30% of patients with epilepsy (PWE) [1 –3]. Patients with DRE bear significant economic, social, physical, and psychological burdens, but it takes a long time to identify DRE after repetitive ASMs trial, identifying patients at high risk of developing DRE early may select other treatment options, such as epilepsy surgery or neuromodu...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Shijun Yang, Shanshan Li, Hanlin Wang, Jinlan Li, Congping Wang, Qunhui Liu, Jianhua Zhong, Min Jia Source Type: research

Response to the letter from Josef Finsterer regarding our article “Exome analysis focusing on epilepsy-related genes in children and adults with sudden unexplained death“
We acknowledge Dr Finsterer's detailed remarks and thoughts on our paper [1,2]. In the following, we would like to comment on the various limitations and considerations raised in his letter. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sarah E. Buerki, Cordula Haas, Jacqueline Neubauer Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

Impact of antiseizure medication with a very long half-life on long term video-EEG monitoring in focal epilepsy.
Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment option for drug-resistant focal epilepsy (FE), provided that the patient is a suitable candidate for the procedure [1]. Typically, individuals undergo evaluation in an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) to determine their eligibility for surgery [2]. Long term Video-EEG monitoring (LTM) is an essential component of this presurgical evaluation [3]. The goal is to capture several seizures to verify that they are stereotypical and that the epilepsy is unifocal [4]. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kevin G. Hampel, Carlos Morata-Mart ínez, Mercedes Garcés-Sánchez, Vicente Villanueva Source Type: research

Neuroimaging correlation with EEG in status epilepticus
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threating condition with overall mortality approaching 20%, in which generalized convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) represents about 45 –74% of all cases. [1,2] SE was originally defined as recurrent seizures without recovery between seizure activities or a seizure with 5 minutes or more of continuous clinical seizure with or without electrographic seizure activity; although, it was not practical in real clinical settings. In 2015 , the International League Against Epilepsy proposed a new definition of SE: 5 minutes of ongoing seizure activity for CSE and 10 minutes for focal SE and abs...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dong Ah Lee, GyeongMo Sohn, Kang Min Park, Sung Eun Kim Source Type: research

Clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of SZT2 related diseases: A case report and literature review
Seizure threshold 2 protein homolog gene (SZT2, MIM: 615463) is located on Chr1 p34.2. It is mainly expressed in the parietal lobe, frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and dorsal root ganglia of the central nervous system, and encodes a 3375 amino acid protein [1]. SZT2 protein is located in the lysosome and (together with KPTN, ITFG2, and C12orf66) forms the KICSTOR protein complex [2], which is a negative regulator of the rapamycin complex signaling pathway [3,4]. The over-activation of the rapamycin complex signaling pathway is widely recognized in the etiology of nervous system diseases such as epilepsy, global dev...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Xin Zhang, Yuzeng Han, Li Yang, Na Xu, Liping Zhu, Shiyan Qiu, Yufen Li, Liyun Xu, Xixi Yu Source Type: research

More about nonconvulsive status epilepticus in children
We read with great interest the article by Mar ía José Jiménez-Villegas and appreciate the author's updated narrative review about the first unprovoked seizure (US) in children and adults [1]. We would like to add some concerns about nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in children. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mois és León-Ruiz, Julián Benito-León, Carlos Castañeda-Cabrero Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Source Type: research

Safety & Feasibility of Responsive Neurostimulation in Children with Refractory Epilepsy: A Single-Center Experience
Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) is a relatively recent addition to the epilepsy surgery armory, gaining FDA approval in 2013 for use in adults with intractable focal epilepsy [1]. There have been at least 9 years of data evaluating the safety and efficacy in adult patients [2]. RNS is not yet approved for use in Europe, or for pediatric patients less than 18 years of age in the United States. Options of neurostimulation include vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation, deep brain stimulation (DBS), chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial...
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Stephanie Enner, Maria El-Hallal, Katherine Hogan, Shaun Rodgers, Shefali Karkare, Kothare Sanjeev Source Type: research

Predicting the cause of seizures using features extracted from interactions with a virtual agent
Transient Loss of Consciousness (TLOC) is a time-limited loss of awareness characterised by abnormal motor control, loss of responsiveness, amnesia, and a complete recovery. Over 90% of TLOC presentations are explained by epilepsy, functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) or syncope [5]. A thorough analysis of the medical history by an expert is currently the most effective differential diagnostic method [21] because patients are typically asymptomatic on presentation and investigations after the event are of limited value. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathan Pevy, Heidi Christensen, Traci Walker, Markus Reuber Source Type: research

ChatGPT's responses to questions related to epilepsy
This is a correspondence on published article on “ChatGPT's responses to questions related to epilepsy” (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit Source Type: research

EFHC1 gene mutation profile of Turkish JME patients and its association with disease risk
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is one of the most common epilepsy syndromes among the genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs). Although it has been described using different names for many years, it was most recently defined in 1989 by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) as an epilepsy syndrome usually seen in adolescents that is characterized by seizures with bilateral, single or repetitive, arrhythmic, irregular myoclonic jerks (predominantly in the upper limbs) without loss of consciousness during jerks. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kezban Aslan-Kara, Ebru D ündar-Yenilmez, Elçin Ateş, Mustafa Muhlis Alparslan, Taylan Peköz, Hacer Bozdemir, Abdullah Tuli Source Type: research

Unveiling the future: Early remission predictions in children and adolescents with new-onset epilepsy
We were delighted to read the recently published article titled “Early predictors of remission in children and adolescents with new-onset epilepsy: A prospective study” by Ayoub et al.1 The authors' findings on the significance of intellectual and developmental delay as a predictor of failure to achieve remission are quite interesting. However, we would lik e to add a few points. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - December 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Prateek Kumar Panda, Indar Kumar Sharawat Source Type: research