Effectiveness of integrated care for older adults with depression and hypertension in rural China: A cluster randomized controlled trial
by Shulin Chen, Yeates Conwell, Jiang Xue, Lydia Li, Tingjie Zhao, Wan Tang, Hillary Bogner, Hengjin Dong
BackgroundEffectiveness of integrated care management for common, comorbid physical and mental disorders has been insufficiently examined in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We tested hypotheses that older adults treated in rural Chinese primary care clinics with integrated care management of comorbid depression and hypertension (HTN) would show greater improvements in depression symptom severity and HTN control than those who received usual care. Methods and findingsThe study, registered with ClinicalTrials.g...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 24, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Shulin Chen Source Type: research
The patient, diagnostic, and treatment intervals in adult patients with cancer from high- and lower-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsThese results identify the cancers where diagnosis and treatment initiation may take the longest and reveal the extent of global disparities in early diagnosis and treatment. Efforts should be made to reduce help-seeking times for cancer symptoms in lower-income countries. Estimates for the diagnostic and treatment intervals came mostly from high-income countries that have powerful health information systems in place to record such information. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 20, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Dafina Petrova Source Type: research
Favipiravir, lopinavir-ritonavir, or combination therapy (FLARE): A randomised, double-blind, 2 × 2 factorial placebo-controlled trial of early antiviral therapy in COVID-19
ConclusionsAt the current doses, no treatment significantly reduced viral load in the primary analysis. Favipiravir requires further evaluation with consideration of dose escalation. Lopinavir-ritonavir administration was associated with lower plasma favipiravir concentrations. Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04499677EudraCT: 2020-002106-68 (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 19, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: David M. Lowe Source Type: research
Association of sleep duration at age 50, 60, and 70 years with risk of multimorbidity in the UK: 25-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study
We examined whether sleep duration is associated with incidence of a first chronic disease, subsequent multimorbidity and mortality using data spanning 25 years. Methods and findingsData were drawn from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study, established in 1985 on 10,308 persons employed in the London offices of the British civil service. Self-reported sleep duration was measured 6 times between 1985 and 2016, and data on sleep duration was extracted at age 50 (mean age (standard deviation) = 50.6 (2.6)), 60 (60.3 (2.2)), and 70 (69.2 (1.9)). Incidence of multimorbidity was defined as having 2 or more of 13 chronic dis...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 18, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: S éverine Sabia Source Type: research
Association of birthweight centiles and early childhood development of singleton infants born from 37 weeks of gestation in Scotland: A population-based cohort study
This study aims to establish the association between birthweight centiles across the whole distribution and early childhood development among children born from 37 weeks of gestation. Methods and findingsThis is a population-based cohort study of 686,284 singleton infants born from 37 weeks of gestation. The cohort was generated by linking pregnancy and delivery data from the Scottish Morbidity Records (2003 to 2015) and the child developmental assessment at age 2 to 3.5 years. The main outcomes were child ’s fine motor, gross motor, communication, and social developmental concerns measured with the Ages and Stages Quest...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 11, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Abiodun Adanikin Source Type: research
Monthly sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine-amodiaquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine as malaria chemoprevention in young Kenyan children with sickle cell anemia: A randomized controlled trial
ConclusionsIn this study with limited malaria transmission, malaria chemoprevention in Kenyan children with SCA with monthly SP-AQ or DP did not reduce clinical malaria, but DP was associated with reduced dactylitis andP.falciparum parasitization. Pragmatic studies of chemoprevention in higher malaria transmission settings are warranted. Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov (NCT03178643).Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201707002371165. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 10, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Steve M. Taylor Source Type: research
Changes in the salt content of packaged foods sold in supermarkets between 2015 –2020 in the United Kingdom: A repeated cross-sectional study
ConclusionsThere has been a small decline in the salt content of foods and total volume of salt sold between 2015 and 2020, but observed changes were not statistically significant so could be due to random variations over time. We suggest that mandatory reporting of salt sales by large food companies would increase the transparency of how individual businesses are progressing towards the salt reduction targets. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 5, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lauren K. Bandy Source Type: research
Medicare eligibility and healthcare access, affordability, and financial strain for low- and higher-income adults in the United States: A regression discontinuity analysis
by Rahul Aggarwal, Robert W. Yeh, Issa J. Dahabreh, Sarah E. Robertson, Rishi K. Wadhera
BackgroundUS policymakers are debating whether to expand the Medicare program by lowering the age of eligibility. The goal of this study was to determine the association of Medicare eligibility and enrollment with healthcare access, affordability, and financial strain from medical bills in a contemporary population of low- and higher-income adults in the US. Methods and findingsWe used cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview Survey (2019) to examine the association of Medicare eligibility and enrollment with outcomes by...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 4, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rahul Aggarwal Source Type: research
Weight loss strategies, weight change, and type 2 diabetes in US health professionals: A cohort study
This study aimed to examine associations of weight loss strategies (WLSs) with weight change and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among US health professionals. Methods and findingsThis study included 93,110 participants (24 to 60 years old; 11.6% male) from the Nurses ’ Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) cohorts who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline (1988 for NHS/HPFS and 1989 for NHSII) for analyses of weight change and 104,180 (24 to 78 years old; 14.2% male) for T2D risk assessment. WLSs used to achieve an intentional weight loss of 4.5+ kg were collect...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 27, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Keyi Si Source Type: research
HIV prevention for the next decade: Appropriate, person-centred, prioritised, effective, combination prevention
by Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Luisa Frescura, Quarraisha Abdool-Karim, Michaela Clayton, Peter D. Ghys, (on behalf of the 2025 prevention targets working group)
UNAIDS and a broad range of partners have collaborated to establish a new set of HIV prevention targets to be achieved by 2025 as an intermediate step towards the sustainable development target for 2030.
The number of new HIV infections in the world continues to decline, in part due to the extraordinary expansion of effective HIV treatment. However, the decline is geographically heterogeneous, with some regions reporting a rise in incidence. The incidence target tha...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 26, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Peter Godfrey-Faussett Source Type: research
Association of injury after prescription opioid initiation with risk for opioid-related adverse events among older Medicare beneficiaries in the United States: A nested case-control study
by Yu-Jung Jenny Wei, Cheng Chen, Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Siegfried O. Schmidt, Roger B. Fillingim, Almut G. Winterstein
BackgroundInjury, prevalent and potentially associated with prescription opioid use among older adults, has been implicated as a warning sign of serious opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs) including opioid misuse, dependence, and poisoning, but this association has not been empirically tested. The study aims to examine the association between incident injury after prescription opioid initiation and subsequent risk of ORAEs and to assess whether the association differs by recency of injury among older pa...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 22, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yu-Jung Jenny Wei Source Type: research
Correction: Factors influencing appropriate use of interventions for management of women experiencing preterm birth: A mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis
by Rana Islamiah Zahroh, Alya Hazfiarini, Katherine E. Eddy, Joshua P. Vogel, Ӧzge Tunçalp, Nicole Minckas, Fernando Althabe, Olufemi T. Oladapo, Meghan A. Bohren (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 22, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rana Islamiah Zahroh Source Type: research
Childhood body mass index trajectories and associations with adult-onset chronic kidney disease in Denmark: A population-based cohort study
ConclusionsIndividuals with childhood BMI trajectories above average had higher rates of CKD and ESKD than those with an average childhood BMI trajectory. When including T2D, most associations were significant, particularly with CKD, emphasizing the potential information that the early appearance of above-average BMI growth patterns provide in relation to adult-onset CKD beyond the information provided by T2D development. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 21, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Julie Aarestrup Source Type: research
Exposure to wildfire-related PM < sub > 2.5 < /sub > and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2016: A retrospective study
This study evaluates the association between wildfire-related PM2.5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil, from 2010 to 2016. Methods and findingsNationwide cancer death records were collected during 2010 –2016 from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Death records were linked with municipal-level wildfire- and non-wildfire-related PM2.5 concentrations, at a resolution of 2.0 ° latitude by 2.5° longitude. We applied a variant difference-in-differences approach with quasi-Poisson regression, adjusting for seasonal temperature and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confid...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 19, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Pei Yu Source Type: research
Clinical and programmatic outcomes of HIV-exposed infants enrolled in care at geographically diverse clinics, 1997 –2021: A cohort study
by Andrew Edmonds, Ellen Brazier, Beverly S. Musick, Marcel Yotebieng, John Humphrey, Lisa L. Abuogi, Adebola Adedimeji, Olivia Keiser, Malango Msukwa, James G. Carlucci, Marcelle Maia, Jorge A. Pinto, Val ériane Leroy, Mary-Ann Davies, Kara K. Wools-Kaloustian, on behalf of IeDEA
BackgroundAlthough 1 ·3 million women with HIV give birth annually, care and outcomes for HIV-exposed infants remain incompletely understood. We analyzed programmatic and health indicators in a large, multidecade global dataset of linked mother–infant records from clinics and programs associated with the Internationa l epidemiology Databases ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 15, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Andrew Edmonds Source Type: research
