Association of severe mental illness and septic shock case fatality rate in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A national population-based cohort study
by Ines Lakbar, Marc Leone, Vanessa Pauly, Veronica Orleans, Kossi Josue Srougbo, Sambou Diao, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Marco Solmi, Christoph U. Correll, Sara Fernandes, Jean-Louis Vincent, Laurent Boyer, Guillaume Fond
BackgroundPatients with severe mental illness (SMI) (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) have been reported to have excess mortality rates from infection compared to patients without SMI, but whether SMI is associated with higher or lower case fatality rates (CFRs) among infected patients remains unclear. The primary objective was to compare the 90-day CFR in septic shock pati...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 13, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ines Lakbar Source Type: research
Out-of-pocket expenditures and financial risks associated with treatment of vaccine-preventable diseases in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional costing analysis
by Solomon Tessema Memirie, Mieraf Taddesse Tolla, Eva Rumpler, Ryoko Sato, Sarah Bolongaita, Yohannes Lakew Tefera, Latera Tesfaye, Meseret Zelalem Tadesse, Fentabil Getnet, Tewodaj Mengistu, St éphane Verguet
BackgroundVaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Universal access to vaccination, besides improved health outcomes, would substantially reduce VPD-related out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated financial risks. This paper aims to estimate the extent of OOP expenditures and the magnitude of the associated catastrophic h...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 10, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Solomon Tessema Memirie Source Type: research
Strengthening implementation guidelines for HIV service delivery: Considerations for future evidence generation and synthesis
by Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Nathan Ford, Aaloke Mody, Laura Beres, Sheree Schwartz, Stefan Baral, Elvin H. Geng
Ingrid Eshun-Wilson and colleagues summarize gaps in primary HIV implementation research methods and reporting, and propose areas for future methodological development. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 6, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ingrid Eshun-Wilson Source Type: research
Analysis of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for teratogenic drugs: Variation in primary and secondary prevention measures
by Beatrice L. Brown, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Ameet Sarpatwari
In an analysis of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for teratogenic drugs, Ameet Sarpatwari, Beatrice Brown and Aaron Kesselheim explore the variation in primary and secondary prevention measures. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 6, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Beatrice L. Brown Source Type: research
A multicomponent digital intervention to promote help-seeking for mental health problems and suicide in sexual and gender diverse young adults: A randomized controlled trial
ConclusionsThe current intervention was an effective approach in promoting help-seeking intentions, mental health literacy, and help-seeking encouragement-related knowledge. Its brief yet integrated intervention format could also be utilized in treating other imminent concerns confronted by LGBTQ+ young adults. Trial RegistrationChictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100053248. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 6, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Meng Han Source Type: research
The effect of supervision on community health workers ’ effectiveness with households in rural South Africa: A cluster randomized controlled trial
This study examines if child and maternal outcomes are better when existing government CHWs, who are perinatal home visitors, receive ongoing enhanced supervision and monitoring, compared to standard care. Methods and findingsA cluster randomized controlled effectiveness trial was conducted comparing outcomes over 2 years when different supervision and support are provided. Primary health clinics were randomized by clinic to receive monitoring and supervision from either (1) existing supervisors (Standard Care (SC);n = 4 clinics, 23 CHWs, 392 mothers); or (2) supervisors from a nongovernmental organization that provided en...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 2, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus Source Type: research
Comparison of new psychiatric diagnoses among Finnish children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide register-based study
ConclusionsFollowing the first pandemic phase, new psychiatric diagnoses in children and adolescents increased by nearly a fifth in Finnish specialist services. Possible explanations to our findings include changes in help-seeking, referrals and psychiatric problems, and delayed service access. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: David Gyllenberg Source Type: research
Referral to the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme and conversion from nondiabetic hyperglycaemia to type 2 diabetes mellitus in England: A matched cohort analysis
We examined the association between referral to the programme and reducing conversion of NDH to T2DM. Methods and findingsCohort study of patients attending primary care in England using clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 1 April 2016 (NDPP introduction) to 31 March 2020 was used. To minimise confounding, we matched patients referred to the programme in referring practices to patients in nonreferring practices. Patients were matched based on age ( ≥3 years), sex, and ≥365 days of NDH diagnosis. Random-effects parametric survival models evaluated the intervention, controlling for numerous covariates. Our prim...
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rathi Ravindrarajah Source Type: research
Evaluation of conditional cash transfers and mHealth audio messaging in reduction of risk factors for childhood malnutrition in internally displaced persons camps in Somalia: A 2 × 2 factorial cluster-randomised controlled trial
by Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod, Mohamed Jelle, Hani Mohamed, Katie Waller, Bishar Osman Hussein, Emmanuel Barasa, Andrea Solomon, Sajia Mehjabeen, Andrew Copas, Edward Fottrell, Andrew J. Seal
BackgroundCash transfer programmes are increasingly used in humanitarian contexts to help address people ’s needs across multiple sectors. However, their impact on the key objectives of reducing malnutrition and excess mortality remains unclear. mHealth interventions show great promise in many areas of public health, but evidence for their impact on reducing the risk factors for malnutrition is uncer tain. We therefore implemented a...
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod Source Type: research
Neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes and exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during early pregnancy in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study
ConclusionsThis large-scale, nationwide cohort study found that exposure to NSAIDs during early pregnancy was associated with slightly higher risks of neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes. Clinicians should therefore carefully weigh the benefits of prescribing NSAIDs in early pregnancy against its modest, but possible, risk of neonatal and maternal outcomes, where if possible, consider prescribing nonselective NSAIDs for (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Eun-Young Choi Source Type: research
Causes of death in children with congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil, 2015 to 2018: A nationwide record linkage study
ConclusionThe sequence of causes and circumstances involved in the deaths of the children with CZS highlights the greater vulnerability of these children to infectious and respiratory conditions compared to children with abnormalities of the CNS not related to Zika. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 24, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Maria da Concei ção N. Costa Source Type: research
Long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease after endoscopic biopsy with normal mucosa: A population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study in Sweden
ConclusionsEndoscopic biopsy with normal mucosa was associated with an elevated IBD incidence for at least 30 years. This may suggest a substantial symptomatic period of IBD and incomplete diagnostic examinations in patients with early IBD. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 23, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Jiangwei Sun Source Type: research
Safety and effectiveness of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and risk factors for hospitalisation caused by the omicron variant in 0.8 million adolescents: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden
by Peter Nordstr öm, Marcel Ballin, Anna Nordström
BackgroundReal-world evidence on the safety and effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination against severe disease caused by the omicron variant among adolescents is sparse. In addition, evidence on risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease, and whether vaccination is similarly effective in such risk groups, is unclear. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the safety and effectiveness of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination against COVID-19 hospitalisation, and risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisation in adolescents. Methods and find...
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Peter Nordstr öm Source Type: research
Health worker compliance with severe malaria treatment guidelines in the context of implementing pre-referral rectal artesunate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and Uganda: An operational study
This study aimed to assess compliance with this treatment recommendation in children under 5 years. Methods and findingsThis observational study accompanied the implementation of RAS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Nigeria, and Uganda between 2018 and 2020. Antimalarial treatment was assessed during admission in included referral health facilities (RHFs) in children under 5 with a diagnosis of severe malaria. Children were either referred from a community-based provider or directly attending the RHF.RHF data of 7,983 children was analysed for appropriateness of antimalarials; a subsample of 3,449 children wa...
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Aita Signorell Source Type: research
High PrEP uptake and objective longitudinal adherence among HIV-exposed women with personal or partner plans for pregnancy in rural Uganda: A cohort study
ConclusionsWomen in Uganda with PrEP indications and planning for pregnancy chose to use PrEP. By electronic pillcap, most were able to sustain high adherence to daily oral PrEP prior to and during pregnancy. Differences in adherence measures highlight challenges with adherence assessment; serial measures of TFV-DP in whole blood suggest 41% to 47% of women took sufficient periconception PrEP to prevent HIV. These data suggest that women planning for and with pregnancy should be prioritized for PrEP implementation, particularly in settings with high fertility rates and generalized HIV epidemics. Future iterations of this w...
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 16, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lynn T. Matthews Source Type: research
