The age profile of respiratory syncytial virus burden in preschool children of low- and middle-income countries: A semi-parametric, meta-regression approach
ConclusionsWe have demonstrated an approach to synthesize information on RSV outcomes in a statistically principled manner, and we estimate that the age profile of RSV burden depends on whether information on incidence is collected in hospitals or in the community. Our results suggest that the ideal prophylactic strategy may require multiple products to avert the risk among preschool children. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 17, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marina Antill ón Source Type: research
Correction: Fortified balanced energy –protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: A 2 × 2 factorial individually randomized controlled trial
by Alemayehu Argaw, Brenda de Kok, Laeticia Celine Toe, Giles Hanley-Cook, Trenton Dailey-Chwalib óg, Moctar Ouédraogo, Anderson Compaoré, Katrien Vanslambrouck, Rasmané Ganaba, Patrick Kolsteren, Carl Lachat, Lieven Huybregts (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 17, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Alemayehu Argaw Source Type: research
Understanding the impact of antimicrobial resistance on outcomes of bloodstream infections in low- and middle-income countries
by Marlieke E. A. de Kraker
Marlieke de Kraker discusses a systematic review and meta-analysis reporting the magnitude and consequences of bloodstream infections in low- and middle-income countries. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 12, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marlieke E. A. de Kraker Source Type: research
Antimicrobial resistance: Strengthening surveillance for public health action
by Silvia Bertagnolio, Amitabh Bipin Suthar, Olga Tosas, Kitty Van Weezenbeek (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 12, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Silvia Bertagnolio Source Type: research
The potential impact of novel tuberculosis vaccine introduction on economic growth in low- and middle-income countries: A modeling study
ConclusionsUnder a range of assumptions, introducing novel TB vaccines would increase economic growth in LMICs. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 11, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Allison Portnoy Source Type: research
Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of 19 common disease states: A longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study of 18,413 Scottish individuals
ConclusionsWe discovered over 100 associations between blood methylation sites and common disease states, independently of major confounding risk factors, and a need for greater standardisation among EWAS on human disease. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 6, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Robert F. Hillary Source Type: research
Value of a catch-up HPV test in women aged 65 and above: A Danish population-based nonrandomized intervention study
by Mette Tranberg, Lone Kjeld Petersen, Anne Hammer, Miriam Elfstr öm, Jan Blaakær, Susanne Fogh Jørgensen, Mary Holten Bennetsen, Jørgen Skov Jensen, Berit Andersen
BackgroundHigh-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test is replacing cytology as the primary cervical cancer screening test due to superior sensitivity, but in most countries women ≥65 years have never had an HPV test despite they account for around 50% of cervical cancer deaths. We explored the effect of a catch-up HPV test among 65- to 69-year-old women without previous record of HPV-based screening. Methods and findingsThis population-based nonrandomized ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 6, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mette Tranberg Source Type: research
Antimicrobial Resistance: Addressing a Global Threat to Humanity
by Timothy R. Walsh, Ana C. Gales, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Philippa C. Dodd (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 3, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Timothy R. Walsh Source Type: research
Exposure of progressive immune dysfunction by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A prospective cohort study
by Kai Qin, Kazuhito Honjo, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Weimin Liu, Regina M. Stoltz, Allisa K. Oman, Lucinda A. Hall, Ran Li, Sarah Sterrett, Ellen R. Frederick, Jeffrey R. Lancaster, Mayur Narkhede, Amitkumar Mehta, Foluso J. Ogunsile, Rima B. Patel, Thomas J. Ketas, Victor M. Cruz Portillo, Albert Cupo, Benjamin M. Larimer, Anju Bansal, Paul A. Goepfert, Beatrice H. Hahn, Randall S. Davis
BackgroundPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have reduced seroconversion rates and lower binding antibody (Ab) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers than healthy individuals following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviru...
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 29, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kai Qin Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica (EAST PMR): An open-label randomized controlled trial
by Xinlei Ma, Fan Yang, Jinzhi Wu, Bei Xu, Mengdi Jiang, Yiduo Sun, Chuanying Sun, Ye Yu, Danyi Xu, Lanlan Xiao, Chunyun Ren, Chunyan Chen, Zi Ye, Junyu Liang, Jin Lin, Weiqian Chen
BackgroundPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory disease in elderly persons whose mechanism of pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Glucocorticoids are the main first-line treatments but result in numerous side effects. Therefore, there is a need to explore pathogenetic factors and identify possible glucocorticoid-sparing agents. We aimed to study the pathogenetic features of the disease and assess the efficacy and safety of Jan...
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 29, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Xinlei Ma Source Type: research
Impact of antibiotics on gut microbiome composition and resistome in the first years of life in low- to middle-income countries: A systematic review
ConclusionIn this study, we observed that antibiotics significantly reduce the diversity and alter the composition of the infant gut microbiome in LMICs, while concomitantly selecting for resistance genes whose persistence can last for months following treatment. Considerable heterogeneity in study methodology, timing and duration of sampling, and sequencing methodology in currently available research limit insights into antibiotic impacts on the microbiome and resistome in children in LMICs. More research is urgently needed to fill this gap in order to better understand whether antibiotic-driven reductions in microbiome d...
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Charlie C. Luchen Source Type: research
Caloric reductions needed to achieve obesity goals in Mexico for 2030 and 2040: A modeling study
ConclusionsTo reach the 3 obesity goals in 2040, caloric reductions between 74 and 209 kcal/day/person would be needed in Mexico. A package of new and stronger interventions should be added to existing efforts such as food taxes and warning labels on non-nutritious food. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 26, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Francisco Reyes-S ánchez Source Type: research
The impact of inpatient bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This study quantifies the excess mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and economic costs associated with ARB BSIs, compared to antibiotic-sensitive bacteria (ASB), among adult inpatients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods and findingsWe conducted a systematic review by searching 4 medical databases (PubMed, SCIELO, Scopus, and WHO ’s Global Index Medicus; initial searchn = 13,012 from their inception to August 1, 2022). We only included quantitative studies. Our final sample consisted ofn = 109 articles, excluding studies from high-income countries, without our ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 22, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kasim Allel Source Type: research
Association between migration and severe maternal outcomes in high-income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis
by Maxime Eslier, Elie Azria, Konstantinos Chatzistergiou, Zelda Stewart, Agn ès Dechartres, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
BackgroundLiterature focusing on migration and maternal health inequalities is inconclusive, possibly because of the heterogeneous definitions and settings studied. We aimed to synthesize the literature comparing the risks of severe maternal outcomes in high-income countries between migrant and native-born women, overall and by host country and region of birth. Methods and findingsSystematic literature review and meta-analysis using the Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for the period ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 22, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Maxime Eslier Source Type: research
Prevalence and clonal diversity of carbapenem-resistant < i > Klebsiella pneumoniae < /i > causing neonatal infections: A systematic review of 128 articles across 30 countries
ConclusionsCRKP contributes to a considerable number of neonatal infections and leads to significant neonatal mortality. Neonatal CRKP strains are highly diverse, while ST17 is globally prevalent and merits early detection for treatment and prevention. The dominance ofblaNDM carbapenemase genes imposes challenges on therapeutic options in neonates and supports the continued inhibitor-related drug discovery. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 20, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ya Hu Source Type: research
