Surgery with locking plate or hemiarthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment of 3 –4-part proximal humerus fractures in older patients (NITEP): An open-label randomized trial
ConclusionsIn this study, no benefit was observed between operative treatment with LP or HA and nonoperative treatment in displaced 3- and 4-part PHFs in patients aged 60 years and older. Further, we observed a high rate of complications related to operative treatments. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01246167. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 28, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Antti P. Launonen Source Type: research
Evaluation of point-of-care multiplex polymerase chain reaction in guiding antibiotic treatment of patients acutely admitted with suspected community-acquired pneumonia in Denmark: A multicentre randomised controlled trial
by Mariana Bichuette Cartuliares, Flemming Sch ønning Rosenvinge, Christian Backer Mogensen, Thor Aage Skovsted, Steen Lomborg Andersen, Claus Østergaard, Andreas Kristian Pedersen, Helene Skjøt-arkil
BackgroundRapid and accurate detection of pathogens is needed in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to enable appropriate antibiotics and to slow the development of antibiotic resistance. We aimed to compare the effect of point-of-care (POC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of respiratory pathogens added to standard care with standard care only (SCO) on antibiotic prescriptions after acute hospital admission. Meth...
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 28, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mariana Bichuette Cartuliares Source Type: research
Correction: Evaluation of novel computerized tomography scoring systems in human traumatic brain injury: An observational, multicenter study
by The PLOS Medicine Staff (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 28, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: The PLOS Medicine Staff Source Type: research
Exercise and aerobic capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression
by Daniel D. Hodgkiss, Gurjeet S. Bhangu, Carole Lunny, Catherine R. Jutzeler, Shin-Yi Chiou, Matthias Walter, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Andrei V. Krassioukov, Tom E. Nightingale
BackgroundA low level of cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF; defined as peak oxygen uptake (V ˙O2peak) or peak power output (PPO)] is a widely reported consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) and a major risk factor associated with chronic disease. However, CRF can be modified by exercise. This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed to assess whether certain SCI characteristics and/or specific exercise considerations are moderators ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Daniel D. Hodgkiss Source Type: research
Burden of diarrhea and antibiotic use among children in low-resource settings preventable by < i > Shigella < /i > vaccination: A simulation study
ConclusionsOur simulation results suggest that aShigella vaccine meeting WHO targets for efficacy could prevent about a third ofShigella diarrhea episodes, antibiotic use to treat shigellosis, and bystander exposures due to shigellosis treatment. However, the reductions in overall diarrhea episodes and antibiotic use are expected to be modest ( (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 22, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Stephanie A. Brennhofer Source Type: research
Evaluating pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines: A model-based individual data pooled analysis
by Lufina Tsirizani Galileya, Roeland E. Wasmann, Chishala Chabala, Helena Rabie, Janice Lee, Irene Njahira Mukui, Anneke Hesseling, Heather Zar, Rob Aarnoutse, Anna Turkova, Diana Gibb, Mark F. Cotton, Helen McIlleron, Paolo Denti
BackgroundThe current World Health Organization (WHO) pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines lead to suboptimal drug exposures. Identifying factors altering the exposure of these drugs in children is essential for dose optimization. Pediatric pharmacokinetic studies are usually small, leading to high variability and uncertainty in pharmacokinetic results between studies. We pooled data from la...
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lufina Tsirizani Galileya Source Type: research
Projected health and economic impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in Germany: A cross-validation modelling study
ConclusionsIn this study, we found that SSB taxation in Germany could help to reduce the national burden of noncommunicable diseases and save a substantial amount of societal costs. A tiered tax designed to incentivize reformulation of SSBs towards less sugar might have a larger population-level health and economic impact than an ad valorem tax that incentivizes consumer behaviour change only through increased prices. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Karl M. F. Emmert-Fees Source Type: research
Correction: Recommended reporting items for epidemic forecasting and prediction research: The EPIFORGE 2020 guidelines
by Simon Pollett, Michael A. Johansson, Nicholas G. Reich, David Brett-Major, Sara Y. Del Valle, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Rachel Lowe, Travis Porco, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Alina Deshpande, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, David L. Blazes, Wirichada Pan-ngum, Alessandro Vespigiani, Suzanne E. Mate, Sheetal P. Silal, Sasikiran Kandula, Rachel Sippy, Talia M. Quandelacy, Jeffrey J. Morgan, Jacob Ball, Lindsay C. Morton, Benjamin M Althouse, Julie Pavlin, Wilbert van Panhuis, Steven Riley, Matthew Biggerstaff, Cecile Viboud, Oliver Brady, Caitlin Rivers (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 17, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Simon Pollett Source Type: research
Income-based differences in healthcare utilization in relation to mortality in the Swedish population between 2004 –2017: A nationwide register study
by P är Flodin, Peter Allebeck, Ester Gubi, Bo Burström, Emilie E. Agardh
BackgroundDespite universal healthcare, socioeconomic differences in healthcare utilization (HCU) persist in modern welfare states. However, little is known of how HCU inequalities has developed over time. The aim of this study is to assess time trends of differences in utilization of primary and specialized care for the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) income quantiles and compare these to mortality. Methods and findingsUsing a repeated cross-sectional register-based study design, data on utilization of (i) primary; (ii) specialized outpatient; and (i...
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 16, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: P är Flodin Source Type: research
Patents and regulatory exclusivities on FDA-approved insulin products: A longitudinal database study, 1986 –2019
ConclusionsAmong several strategies that insulin manufacturers have employed to extend periods of market exclusivity on brand-name insulin products are filing patents after FDA approval and obtaining a large number of patents on delivery devices. Policy reforms are needed to promote timely competition in the pharmaceutical market and ensure that patients have access to low-cost drugs. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 16, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Anders Olsen Source Type: research
Rectal artesunate suppositories for the pre-referral treatment of suspected severe malaria
by James A. Watson, Thomas J. Peto, Nicholas J. White
In this Policy Forum article, James A. Watson and colleagues discuss recent guidelines relating to pre-referral treatment of suspected severe malaria with rectal artesunate suppositories in remote areas. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 9, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: James A. Watson Source Type: research
Sociodemographic characteristics and longitudinal progression of multimorbidity: A multistate modelling analysis of a large primary care records dataset in England
by Sida Chen, Tom Marshall, Christopher Jackson, Jennifer Cooper, Francesca Crowe, Krish Nirantharakumar, Catherine L. Saunders, Paul Kirk, Sylvia Richardson, Duncan Edwards, Simon Griffin, Christopher Yau, Jessica K. Barrett
BackgroundMultimorbidity, characterised by the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, is a rising public health concern. While much of the existing research has focused on cross-sectional patterns of multimorbidity, there remains a need to better understand the longitudinal accumulation of diseases. This includes examining the associations between important sociodemographic chara...
Source: PLoS Medicine - November 3, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Sida Chen Source Type: research
Frequency of multiple changes to prespecified primary outcomes of clinical trials completed between 2009 and 2017 in German university medical centers: A meta-research study
by Martin Holst, Martin Haslberger, Samruddhi Yerunkar, Daniel Strech, Lars G. Hemkens, Benjamin G. Carlisle
BackgroundClinical trial registries allow assessment of deviations of published trials from their protocol, which may indicate a considerable risk of bias. However, since entries in many registries can be updated at any time, deviations may go unnoticed. We aimed to assess the frequency of changes to primary outcomes in different historical versions of registry entries, and how often they would go unnoticed if only deviations between published trial reports and the most recent registry entry are assessed. Methods an...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 31, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Martin Holst Source Type: research
Ethnic differences in early onset multimorbidity and associations with health service use, long-term prescribing, years of life lost, and mortality: A cross-sectional study using clustering in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
ConclusionsThese findings emphasise the need to identify, prevent, and manage multimorbidity early in the life course. Our work provides additional insights into the excess burden of early onset multimorbidity in those from socioeconomically deprived and diverse groups who are disproportionately and more severely affected by multimorbidity and highlights the need to ensure healthcare improvements are equitable. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Fabiola Eto Source Type: research
Impact of cervical screening by human papillomavirus genotype: Population-based estimations
ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that the impact of cervical cancer screening varies depending on the HPV type screened for. Estimating and monitoring the impact of screening by HPV type can facilitate the design of effective and efficient HPV-based cervical screening programs. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov with numbers NCT00479375, NCT01511328. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 27, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Jiangrong Wang Source Type: research
