New research on the global prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting: Research, clinical, and policy implications
by Kerrie Stevenson, Brenda Kelly
In this perspective, Kerrie Stevenson and Brenda Kelly discuss new research on the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting alongside clinical and policy implications. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 15, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kerrie Stevenson Source Type: research
Continued attendance in a PrEP program despite low adherence and non-protective drug levels among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya: Results from a prospective cohort study
by Jean de Dieu Tapsoba, Jane Cover, Christopher Obong ’o, Martha Brady, Tim R. Cressey, Kira Mori, Gordon Okomo, Edward Kariithi, Rael Obanda, Daniel Oluoch Madiang, Ying Qing Chen, Paul Drain, Ann Duerr
BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) ages 15 to 24 years represent (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 12, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Jean de Dieu Tapsoba Source Type: research
Tighter or less tight glycaemic targets for women with gestational diabetes mellitus for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity: A stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial
by Caroline A. Crowther, Deborah Samuel, Ruth Hughes, Thach Tran, Julie Brown, Jane M. Alsweiler, on behalf of the TARGET Study Group
BackgroundTreatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) aims to reduce maternal hyperglycaemia. The TARGET Trial assessed whether tighter compared with less tight glycaemic control reduced maternal and perinatal morbidity. Methods and findingsIn this stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial, identification number ACTRN12615000282583, 10 hospitals in New Zealand were randomised to 1 of 5 implementation dates. The trial was registered before the first participant was enrolled. All hospitals...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 8, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Caroline A. Crowther Source Type: research
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional survey
by Mariam O. Fofana, Nivison Nery Jr, Juan P. Aguilar Ticona, Emilia M. M. de Andrade Belitardo, Renato Victoriano, R ôsangela O. Anjos, Moyra M. Portilho, Mayara C. de Santana, Laiara L. dos Santos, Daiana de Oliveira, Jaqueline S. Cruz, M. Catherine Muenker, Ricardo Khouri, Elsio A. Wunder Jr, Matt D. T. Hitchings, Olatunji Johnson, Mitermayer G. Reis, Guilherme S. Ribeiro, Derek A. T. Cummings, Federico Costa, Albert I. Ko
BackgroundThe structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic, and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviru...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 8, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mariam O. Fofana Source Type: research
Associations between insomnia and pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Evidence from mendelian randomization and multivariable regression analyses
by Qian Yang, Maria Carolina Borges, Eleanor Sanderson, Maria C. Magnus, Fanny Kilpi, Paul J. Collings, Ana Luiza Soares, Jane West, Per Magnus, John Wright, Siri E. H åberg, Kate Tilling, Deborah A. Lawlor
BackgroundInsomnia is common and associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in observational studies. However, those associations could be vulnerable to residual confounding or reverse causality. Our aim was to estimate the association of insomnia with stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational diabetes (GD), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), perinatal depression, preterm birth (PTB), and low/high offs...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 6, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Qian Yang Source Type: research
Time to end parachute science
by Beryne Odeny, Raffaella Bosurgi (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 6, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Beryne Odeny Source Type: research
Burden of malaria in pregnancy among adolescent girls compared to adult women in 5 sub-Saharan African countries: A secondary individual participant data meta-analysis of 2 clinical trials
This study aimed at investigating whether adolescent girls were at a greater risk of experiencing malaria-related outcomes in pregnancy —parasitaemia and clinical disease—than adult women. Methods and findingsAn individual secondary participant-level meta-analysis was conducted using data from 5,804 pregnant women participating in 2 malaria prevention clinical trials in Benin, Gabon, Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania between 2009 and 2014. Of the sample, 1,201 participants were adolescent girls with a mean age of 17.5 years (standard deviation (SD) 1.3) and 886 (73.8%) of them primigravidae. Among the 4,603 adult women w...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 2, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Clara Pons-Duran Source Type: research
Correction: Obesity and risk of female reproductive conditions: A Mendelian randomisation study
by Samvida S. Venkatesh, Teresa Ferreira, Stefania Benonisdottir, Nilufer Rahmioglu, Christian M. Becker, Ingrid Granne, Krina T. Zondervan, Michael V. Holmes, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Laura B. L. Wittemans (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 2, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Samvida S. Venkatesh Source Type: research
Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 hospitalization with the Alpha, Delta, or Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A nationwide Danish cohort study
ConclusionsTwo vaccine doses provided high protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization with the Alpha and Delta variants with protection, notably against infection, waning over time. Two vaccine doses provided only limited and short-lived protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection with Omicron. However, the protection against COVID-19 hospitalization following Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher. The third vaccine dose substantially increased the level and duration of protection against infection with the Omicron variant and provided a high level of sustained protection against COVID-19 hospitaliz...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 1, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mie Agermose Gram Source Type: research
The global prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of national, regional, facility, and school-based studies
ConclusionsIn this study, we observed large variation in FGM/C prevalence between countries, and the prevalence appears to be declining in many countries, which is encouraging as it minimizes physical and physiological harm for a future generation of women. This prevalence estimate is lower than the actual global prevalence of FGM/C due to data gaps, noncomparable denominators, and unavailable surveys. Yet, considerable policy and community-level interventions are required in many countries to meet the SDG target 5.3. Trial registrationRegistration: CRD42020186937. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 1, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Leen Farouki Source Type: research
Cancer in children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A cohort study
ConclusionsChildren born after FET had a higher risk of childhood cancer than children born after fresh embryo transfer and spontaneous conception. The results should be interpreted cautiously based on the small number of children with cancer, but the findings raise concerns considering the increasing use of FET, in particular freeze-all strategies without clear medical indications. Trial registrationTrial registration number: ISRCTN 11780826. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 1, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Nona Sargisian Source Type: research
Healthcare utilization and maternal and child mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 18 low- and middle-income countries: An interrupted time-series analysis with mathematical modeling of administrative data
ConclusionsDeclines in healthcare utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the pandemic ’s harmful impacts on health outcomes and threaten to reverse gains in reducing maternal and child mortality. As efforts and resource allocation toward prevention and treatment of COVID-19 continue, essential health services must be maintained, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 30, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Tashrik Ahmed Source Type: research
Presentations of children to emergency departments across Europe and the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational observational study
by Ruud G. Nijman, Kate Honeyford, Ruth Farrugia, Katy Rose, Zsolt Bognar, Danilo Buonsenso, Liviana Da Dalt, Tisham De, Ian K. Maconochie, Niccolo Parri, Damian Roland, Tobias Alfven, Camille Aupiais, Michael Barrett, Romain Basmaci, Dorine Borensztajn, Susana Castanhinha, Corrine Vasilico, Sheena Durnin, Paddy Fitzpatrick, Laszlo Fodor, Borja Gomez, Susanne Greber-Platzer, Romain Guedj, Stuart Hartshorn, Florian Hey, Lina Jankauskaite, Daniela Kohlfuerst, Mojca Kolnik, Mark D. Lyttle, Patr ícia Mação, Maria Inês Mascarenhas, Shrouk Messahel, Esra Akyüz Özkan, Zanda Pučuka, Sofia Reis, Alexis Rybak, Malin Ryd Rinde...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 26, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ruud G. Nijman Source Type: research
Quantifying inequities in COVID-19 vaccine distribution over time by social vulnerability, race and ethnicity, and location: A population-level analysis in St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri
ConclusionsInequities in the initial COVID-19 vaccination and booster rollout in 2 large US metropolitan areas were apparent across racial/ethnic communities, across levels of social vulnerability, over time, and across types of vaccination administration sites. Disparities in receipt of the primary vaccine series attenuated over time during a period in which sites of vaccination administration diversified, but were recapitulated during booster rollout. These findings highlight how public health strategies from the outset must directly target these deeply embedded structural and systemic determinants of disparities and tra...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 26, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Aaloke Mody Source Type: research
Correction: Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
by John P. A. Ioannidis (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 25, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis Source Type: research
