The impact of varying the number and selection of conditions on estimated multimorbidity prevalence: A cross-sectional study using a large, primary care population dataset
by Clare MacRae, Megan McMinn, Stewart W. Mercer, David Henderson, David A. McAllister, Iris Ho, Emily Jefferson, Daniel R. Morales, Jane Lyons, Ronan A. Lyons, Chris Dibben, Bruce Guthrie
BackgroundMultimorbidity prevalence rates vary considerably depending on the conditions considered in the morbidity count, but there is no standardised approach to the number or selection of conditions to include. Methods and findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using English primary care data for 1,168,260 participants who were all people alive and permanently registered with 149 included general practices. Outcome measures of t...
Source: PLoS Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Clare MacRae Source Type: research
Multimorbidity: Addressing the next global pandemic
by The PLOS Medicine Editors (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: The PLOS Medicine Editors Source Type: research
Impact on alcohol selection and online purchasing of changing the proportion of available non-alcoholic versus alcoholic drinks: A randomised controlled trial
This study in an online retail context aimed to estimate the impact of increasing the proportion of non-alcoholic (relative to alcoholic) drinks, on selection and purchasing of alcohol. Methods and resultsAdults (n = 737) residing in England and Wales who regularly purchased alcohol online were recruited between March and July 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: “25% non-alcoholic/75% alcoholic”; “50% non-alcoholic/50% alcoholic”; and “75% non-alcoholic/25% alcoholic,” then selected drinks in a simulated online supermarket, before purchasing them in an actual online supermarket. The pr...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 30, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Natasha Clarke Source Type: research
Correction: Development and validation of a model for predicting incident type 2 diabetes using quantitative clinical data and a Bayesian logistic model: A nationwide cohort and modeling study
by Lua Wilkinson, Nengjun Yi, Tapan Mehta, Suzanne Judd, W. Timothy Garvey (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 30, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lua Wilkinson Source Type: research
Prevalence and natural history of depression after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that stroke survivors with early-onset depression (within 3 months after stroke) are at high risks for remaining depressed and make up two-thirds of the incident cases during 1 year after stroke. This highlights the need for ongoing clinical monitoring of patients depressed shortly after stroke. Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42022314146. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 28, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lu Liu Source Type: research
Educational and employment outcomes associated with childhood traumatic brain injury in Scotland: A population-based record-linkage cohort study
by Meghan J. Visnick, Jill P. Pell, Daniel F. Mackay, David Clark, Albert King, Michael Fleming
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among young children and adolescents and the effects can be lifelong and wide-reaching. Although there have been numerous studies to evaluate the impact of childhood head injury on educational outcomes, few large-scale studies have been conducted, and previous research has been limited by issues of attrition, methodological inconsistencies, and selection bias. We aim to compare the educational and employment outcomes of Scottish schoolchildren prev...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 28, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Meghan J. Visnick Source Type: research
Demand creation for HIV testing services: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This study was funded by the WHO and registered in Prospero with ID CRD42022296947.We screened 10,583 records and 507 conference abstracts, reviewed 952 full texts, and included 124 RCTs for data extraction. The majority of studies were from the African (N = 53) and Americas (N = 54) regions. We found that mobilization (relative risk [RR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.30, 3.09],p (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Anjuli D. Wagner Source Type: research
Institutional dashboards on clinical trial transparency for University Medical Centers: A case study
ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that it is feasible to assess and inform individual UMCs on their performance on clinical trial transparency in a reproducible and publicly accessible way. Beyond helping institutions assess how they perform in relation to mandates or their institutional policy, the dashboard may inform interventions to increase the uptake of clinical transparency practices and serve to evaluate the impact of these interventions. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Delwen L. Franzen Source Type: research
Combined and progestagen-only hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer risk: A UK nested case –control study and meta-analysis
by Danielle Fitzpatrick, Kirstin Pirie, Gillian Reeves, Jane Green, Valerie Beral
BackgroundCurrent or recent use of combined oral contraceptives (containing oestrogen+progestagen) has been associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk. Progestagen-only contraceptive use is increasing, but information on associated risks is limited. We aimed to assess breast cancer risk associated with current or recent use of different types of hormonal contraceptives in premenopausal women, with particular emphasis on progestagen-only preparations. Methods and findingsHormonal contraceptive prescriptions recorded prospectively i...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Danielle Fitzpatrick Source Type: research
Correction: Discontinuation and tapering of prescribed opioids and risk of overdose among people on long-term opioid therapy for pain with and without opioid use disorder in British Columbia, Canada: A retrospective cohort study
by The PLOS Medicine Staff (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 21, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: The PLOS Medicine Staff Source Type: research
Recording of intellectual disability in general hospitals in England 2006 –2019: Cohort study using linked datasets
ConclusionsRecognition and recording of intellectual disability in adults admitted to English general hospitals needs to be improved. Staff awareness training, screening at the point of admission, and data sharing between health and social care services could improve care for people with intellectual disability. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 20, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rory Sheehan Source Type: research
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of HBV reactivation in non-liver solid organ transplant recipients with resolved HBV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
by Saifu Yin, Fan Zhang, Jiapei Wu, Tao Lin, Xianding Wang
BackgroundCurrent guidelines do not recommend routine antiviral prophylaxis to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in non-liver solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with resolved HBV infection, even in anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)-negative recipients and those receiving intense immunosuppression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of HBV reactivation in non-liver SOT recipients. Methods and findingsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were system...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 15, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Saifu Yin Source Type: research
Maternal immunisation against Group B Streptococcus: A global analysis of health impact and cost-effectiveness
ConclusionsIn this study, we found that maternal GBS vaccination could have a large impact on infant morbidity and mortality. Globally, a GBS maternal vaccine at reasonable prices is likely to be a cost-effective intervention. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 14, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Simon R. Procter Source Type: research
The future of HIV testing in eastern and southern Africa: Broader scope, targeted services
by Anna Grimsrud, Lynne Wilkinson, Peter Ehrenkranz, Stephanie Behel, Thato Chidarikire, Tina Chisenga, Rachel Golin, Cheryl Case Johnson, Maureen Milanga, Obinna Onyekwena, Maaya Sundaram, Vincent Wong, Rachel Baggaley
In this Policy Forum, Anna Grimsrud and colleagues discuss the future of HIV testing in eastern and southern Africa, using insights gleaned from a 2021 expert consultation. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 14, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Anna Grimsrud Source Type: research
Correction: Anticipatory changes in British household purchases of soft drinks associated with the announcement of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy: A controlled interrupted time series analysis
by Nina T. Rogers, David Pell, Tarra L. Penney, Oliver Mytton, Adam Briggs, Steven Cummins, Mike Rayner, Harry Rutter, Peter Scarborough, Stephen J. Sharp, Richard D. Smith, Martin White, Jean Adams (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 13, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Nina T. Rogers Source Type: research
